Heat conduction and fountain pressure in liquid He II

Mutual friction and the thermal conductivity of superfluid helium near T?

“…Different formulas of this kind have been used. [2][3][4] The appropriate one seemed to us a generalized Gorter-Mellink equation for a temperature gradient caused by mutual friction similar to the one suggested and discussed in detail by Vinen 2 :…”

“…wm'. pn/S (4) where m' was supposed to have the value 3 and A' is a constant. Most experiments have been performed below 2.1°K and are in qualitative agreement with this equation.…”

Mutual Friction in He II Near the Superfluid Transition

“…2 The author is also indebted to M. Rosenbluth and P. Rutherford for valuable discussions and suggestions, and to K. Allen and S. Yoshikawa for private communications on their experiments. Hammel (KH) near T x , 3 can be interpreted 4 in terms of a Gorter-Mellink mutual friction constant 5 which diverges near 7\. Therefore, it is not necessary to postulate a depression of 7\ due to q as proposed by EP, 1 and the BW results need not be explained on the basis of a new critical velocity.…”

Lambda Curve of LiquidHe4

“…For the dashed curve, P\ was calculated from the cubic equation of Lounasmaa and Kaunisto. 11 The plotted points represent our measuremnts and those of Elwell and Meyer, 3 Lounasmaa and Kaunisto, 11 Vignos and Fairbank, 12 Swenson, 13 Keller and Hammel, 14 Grilly, 15 and Grilly and Mills. 16 The 35-mdeg range just below To is shown similarly in Fig.…”