Heat dissipation in a lithium ion cell

Vaidyanathan, H.; Kelly, William R.; Rao, Gopalakrishna M.

doi:10.1016/s0378-7753(00)00550-4

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…However, because no investigations actually report the heat rate on a volume basis, cross-study comparison requires significant manipulation of the reported data. This includes estimating the heat rate from the total cell volume, [54][55][56][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68]70 from the thickness of the unit cell 49 or the entire battery, 69 or from standard densities of full cells. 57,58 Unfortunately, these assumptions can greatly influence the estimated volumetric heat generation rate.…”

Section: R8mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Not given ͑isothermal bath͒ Time lag correction ͑no specific time value given͒ Lu et al 62 Not given ͑isothermal bath͒ Self-discharge correction Lu et al 63 Not given None given Lu et al 64 Not given None given Onda et al 65 Convection through isothermal water bath 70 Radiation through vacuum through copper chamber ͑−168°C by liquid N 2 ͒ External heat applied and wire lead heat loss correction…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Critical Review of Thermal Issues in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Bandhauer

Garimella

Fuller

2011

J. Electrochem. Soc.

1,696

915

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Lithium-ion batteries are well-suited for fully electric and hybrid electric vehicles due to their high specific energy and energy density relative to other rechargeable cell chemistries. However, these batteries have not been widely deployed commercially in these vehicles yet due to safety, cost, and poor low temperature performance, which are all challenges related to battery thermal management. In this paper, a critical review of the available literature on the major thermal issues for lithium-ion batteries is presented. Specific attention is paid to the effects of temperature and thermal management on capacity/power fade, thermal runaway, and pack electrical imbalance and to the performance of lithium-ion cells at cold temperatures. Furthermore, insights gained from previous experimental and modeling investigations are elucidated. These include the need for more accurate heat generation measurements, improved modeling of the heat generation rate, and clarity in the relative magnitudes of the various thermal effects observed at high charge and discharge rates seen in electric vehicle applications. From an analysis of the literature, the requirements for lithium-ion thermal management systems for optimal performance in these applications are suggested, and it is clear that no existing thermal management strategy or technology meets all these requirements. Thomas-Alyea (kethomas@alumni.princeton.edu) and Kandler Smith (kandler.smith@gmail.com). This article was reviewed by KarenElectric and hybrid electric vehicles ͑EV and HEV͒ may present the best near-term solution for the transportation sector to reduce our dependence on petroleum and to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and criteria pollutants. Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries are well-suited for these vehicles because they have, among other things, high specific energy and energy density relative to other cell chemistries. For example, practical nickel-metal hydride ͑NiMH͒ batteries, which have dominated the HEV market, have a nominal specific energy and energy density of 75 Wh/kg and 240 Wh/L, respectively. In contrast, lithium-ion batteries can achieve 150 Wh/kg and 400 Wh/L, 1 i.e., nearly 2 times the specific energy and energy density.Whereas lithium-ion batteries are rapidly displacing NiMH and nickel-cadmium secondary batteries for portable and hand-held devices, they have not yet been widely introduced in automotive products. The main barriers to the deployment of large fleets of vehicles on public roads equipped with lithium-ion batteries continue to be safety, cost ͑related to cycle and calendar life͒, and low temperature performance 2 -all challenges that are coupled to thermal effects in the battery. Since the recent introduction of HEV fleets, the industry trend is toward larger batteries required for plug-in hybrids, extended-range hybrids, and all-electric vehicles. These larger battery designs impose greater pressure to lower costs and improve safety.Furthermore, most of the research on these types of batteries has been related to fin...

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Section: R8mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review of Thermal Issues in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Bandhauer

Garimella

Fuller

2011

J. Electrochem. Soc.

1,696

915

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“…Such integration issues have been relatively poorly researched in the literature to date. Whilst there are papers exploring the electrical and thermal behaviour of individual cells under a variety of conditions [1][2][3][4][5], the monitoring and testing of individual cells in battery packs [6,7], and the thermal management of battery packs [4,[8][9][10], there are few which look at the electrical issues associated with the design and testing of complete modules, and those that do are for much lower power applications [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Operating current, depth and rate of charge/discharge, and temperature all strongly affect lifetime. Batteries are particularly intolerant to temperature extremes, with high temperatures being encountered during high current loading conditions such as fast charging or acceleration transients which cause large specific internal heat generation [2]. This is primarily due to resistive heating in the contacts, electrodes and electrolyte [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Module design and fault diagnosis in electric vehicle batteries

Offer

Yufit

Howey

et al. 2012

Journal of Power Sources

175

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Systems integration issues, such as electrical and thermal design and management of full battery packs -often containing hundreds of cells -have been rarely explored in the academic literature. In this paper we discuss the design and construction of a 9 kWh battery pack for a motorsports application. The pack contained 504 lithium cells arranged into 2 sidepods, each containing 3 modules, with each module in a 12P7S configuration. This paper focuses particularly on testing the full battery pack and diagnosing subsequent problems related to cells being connected in parallel. We demonstrate how a full vehicle test can be used to identify malfunctioning strings of cells for further investigation. After individual cell testing it was concluded that a single high inter-cell contact resistance was causing currents to flow unevenly within the pack, leading to cells being unequally worked. This is supported by a Matlab/Simulink model of one battery module, including contact resistances. Over time the unequal current flowing through cells can lead to significant differences in cells' state of charge and open circuit voltages, large currents flowing between cells even when the load is disconnected, cells discharging and aging more quickly than others, and jeopardise capacity and lifetime of the pack.

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“…When the lithium ion battery is abused, or even under normal using, if heat is generated faster than it can be dissipated, this will greatly accelerate the degradation of the electrolyte, anode, cathode, and separator again, and then the battery is susceptible to thermal runaway [44]. Once the inner temperature and pressure reach a certain level sharply beyond the battery shell endurance, the explosion is unavoidable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catastrophe analysis of cylindrical lithium ion battery

2010

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The thermal runaway reactions in a lithium ion battery cause its temperature and pressure to increase sharply and even as a result explode in the worst conditions. This kind of explosion is thought of as a catastrophe phenomenon. The energy conservation equation for the discharging process of lithium ion battery was produced, to disclose the catastrophic mechanism of thermal runaway explosion. By the dimensionless method, the swallowtail catastrophe potential function of the lithium ion battery was obtained. The control variables of the potential function were discussed further and the thermal runaway zones and non-thermal runaway zones were obtained. The results indicate that the thermal runaway of lithium ion battery is a swallowtail catastrophe in essence, and thus the control methods of lithium ion battery thermal runaway can be designed from the view point of catastrophes in the future.

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Heat dissipation in a lithium ion cell

Cited by 19 publications

References 5 publications

A Critical Review of Thermal Issues in Lithium-Ion Batteries

A Critical Review of Thermal Issues in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Module design and fault diagnosis in electric vehicle batteries

Catastrophe analysis of cylindrical lithium ion battery

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