Heat flux-based strategies for the thermal monitoring of sub-fumarolic areas: Examples from Vulcano and La Soufrière de Guadeloupe

Spatio-temporal evolution of temperature and fluid flow through a new “thermo-lithological” boundary; the case of a pit crater of Karthala volcano (Comoros archipelago) refilled on January 13th 2007 by a lava flow

“…Data collected from our CR1000 display sharp temperature variation in time for the 11 sensors. These variations are mainly related with raining events (Gaudin et al, 2015(Gaudin et al, , 2017.…”

“…On active volcanoes, temperature appears as one of the most intuitive parameter to look for precursors of major or paroxysmal eruptive activity. This parameter can be measured directly by temperature sensors inserted into the soil (Friedel et al, 2004;Ricci et al, 2015;Gaudin et al, 2017) or by remote sensors (Wright et al, 2004;Coppola et al, 2015a;Laiolo et al, 2017). Thermal anomalies recorded on active volcanoes can be subdivided into two groups depending on how the heat transfer is directed toward the surface:…”

The Extensive Parameters as a Tool to Monitoring the Volcanic Activity: The Case Study of Vulcano Island (Italy)

“…These areas of mild thermal anomaly were named sub-fumarole area by [70,71] or steam heated soil (SHS) by other authors [1]. The method for measuring the heat flux from a shallow profile of temperature in volcanic areas was developed by [70] and further applied in continuous monitoring mode by other authors such as [72,73]. At the best condition, the monitored profile is almost dry (low humidity and absence of a liquid phase and steam) and the condensation zone of the steam ascending from the deep magmatic source stands at a short distance from the bottom of the profile along the z-axis [73].…”

A Statistical Approach to Satellite Time Series Analysis to Detect Changes in Thermal Activities: The Vulcano Island 2021 Crisis

“…By analyzing the ASTER time series (Figure 11) in the same TIRS time window (data from 2013), the three detected outliers match in time with the current crisis of Vulcano and they are consistent with the results derived from TIRS analysis, considering the good weather conditions present at the acquisition dates. Considering the previous discussed results and joining the two datasets based on the temporal range with the available ASTER data, we obtain the largest dataset, which allows us to increase the temporal resolution in the time series and extend the thermal activity analysis of Vulcano, starting this back analysis from 2000 up to now and to recognize the anomalous events occurring in 2004-2007 and 2009-2010, as reported in [25,36] (Figure 12). Considering the previous discussed results and joining the two datasets based on the temporal range with the available ASTER data, we obtain the largest dataset, which allows us to increase the temporal resolution in the time series and extend the thermal activity analysis of Vulcano, starting this back analysis from 2000 up to now and to recognize the anomalous events occurring in 2004-2007 and 2009-2010, as reported in [25,36] (Figure 12).…”