Heat-Killed Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Ameliorated UVB-Induced Oxidative Damage and Photoaging and Its Underlying Mechanisms

Abstract

Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is a major environmental causative factor of skin oxidative damage and photoaging. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei is a well-known probiotic strain that can regulate skin health. The present study investigated the effects of heat-killed Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (PL) on UVB linked oxidative damage and photoaging in skin cells (Normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells and B16F10 murine melanoma cells). Results demonstrated that: (1) PL prevented UVB-induced cytotoxicity relating to decreased DNA damage in NHDF and B16F10 cells; (2) PL alleviated UVB-induced oxidative damage through increasing GSH content, as well as antioxidant enzyme activities and mRNA levels (except MnSOD activity and mRNA levels as well as CAT mRNA level) relating to the activation of Sirt1/PGC-1α/Nrf2 signaling in NHDF cells; (3) PL attenuated UVB-induced photoaging was noticed with a decrease in the percentage of SA-β-gal positive cells in NHDF cells model. Moreover, PL attenuated UVB-induced photoaging through exerting an anti-wrinkling effect by enhancing the type I collagen level relating to the inhibition (JNK, p38)/(c-Fos, c-Jun) of signaling in NHDF cells, and exerting an anti-melanogenic effect by suppressing tyrosinase and TYRP-1 activity and/or expressions relating to the inhibition of PKA/CREB/MITF signaling in B16F10 cells. In conclusion, PL could ameliorate UVB-induced oxidative damage and photoaging. Therefore, PL may be a potential antioxidant and anti-photoaging active ingredient for the cosmetic industry.

Heat‐KilledLactobacillus rhamnosusATCC7469 ImprovedUVB‐InducedPhotoagingViaAntiwrinkleandAntimelanogenesisImpacts

“…Previous study by Xu et al . (63) also found the similar results in Normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells and B16F10 murine melanoma cells that heat‐killed Lacticaseibacillus paracasei prevented UVB‐induced cytotoxicity relating to reduce DNA damage . It was reported that UV light could cause DNA damage primarily by booting the formation of cyclobutene pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), and there was reported that DNA repair was associated with xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A (XPA) (64).…”

“…Similarly, Xu et al . (63) reported that heat‐killed Lacticaseibacillus paracasei could downregulate MMPs mRNA levels relating to inhibit MAPK/AP‐1 signaling, leading to the enhanced type I collagen content thereby exerting an antiwrinkling effect in NHDF cells. Noteworthily, RL and heat‐killed Lacticaseibacillus paracasei existed different regulating effects on the subtypes of MMPs and MAPK, suggesting that different heat‐killed probiotics may exert an antiwrinkling effect referring to diverse mechanism in skin fibroblasts.…”

“…The similar results were reported in B16F10 murine melanoma cells. Our previous study by Xu et al (63) showed that heat-killed Lacticaseibacillus paracasei downregulated TYRP-1 (rather than TYRP-2) mRNA level associating with suppressing PKA/CREB/MITF signaling pathway in B16F10 cells. Lim et al (46) found that tyndallized L. acidophilus might reduce the expressions of TYR, TYRP-1 and TYRP-2 mRNA relating to inhibit the phosphorylation of PKA and CREB and downregulate the protein expression of MITF in B16F10 cells.…”

“…Moreover, there was showed that peptides and exopolysaccharides isolated from L. rhamnosus could also resist oxidative damage via Nrf2 signaling pathways in human colonic epithelial cells (76) and intestinal porcine epithelial cells (80), respectively, which is similar to our result. Furthermore, Xu et al (63) revealed that heat-killed Lacticaseibacillus paracasei alleviated oxidative damage relating to Sirt1/PGC-1α/Nrf2 signaling pathway in NHDF cells. A study from RAW 264.7 cells showed that heat-killed lactic acid bacteria could decrease oxidative damage via inhibiting nitric oxide production (81).…”

Latilactobacillus sakei Wikim0066 Protects Skin through MMP Regulation on UVB-Irradiated In Vitro and In Vivo Model

“…In addition, the NF-κB pathway and MMP expression upregulate inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in UVB-irradiated skin [ 8 , 9 ]. Recent studies have reported that some compounds, such as polyphenols, retinyl palmitate, and hydroquinone, can improve skin aging, but they are expensive and have side effects [ 10 , 11 ]. Therefore, finding safe alternative agents is important to improve skin photoaging.…”