Heat-Killed Lactobacilli Preparations Promote Healing in the Experimental Cutaneous Wounds

Abstract

Probiotics are defined as microorganisms with beneficial health effects when consumed by humans, being applied mainly to improve allergic or intestinal diseases. Due to the increasing resistance of pathogens to antibiotics, the abuse of antibiotics becomes inefficient in the skin and in systemic infections, and probiotics may also provide the protective effect for repairing the healing of infected cutaneous wounds. Here we selected two Lactobacillus strains, L. plantarum GMNL-6 and L. paracasei GMNL-653, in heat-killed format to examine the beneficial effect in skin wound repair through the selection by promoting collagen synthesis in Hs68 fibroblast cells. The coverage of gels containing heat-killed GMNL-6 or GMNL-653 on the mouse tail with experimental wounds displayed healing promoting effects with promoting of metalloproteinase-1 expression at the early phase and reduced excessive fibrosis accumulation and deposition in the later tail-skin recovery stage. More importantly, lipoteichoic acid, the major component of Lactobacillus cell wall, from GMNL-6/GMNL-653 could achieve the anti-fibrogenic benefit similar to the heat-killed bacteria cells in the TGF-β stimulated Hs68 fibroblast cell model. Our study offers a new therapeutic potential of the heat-killed format of Lactobacillus as an alternative approach to treating skin healing disorders.

Probiotic-Functionalized Silk Fibroin/Sodium Alginate Scaffolds with Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Relieving Properties for Promoted Scarless Wound Healing

“…Kanmani et al showed that LAB strains (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis, and Weissella cibaria) attenuated hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation mediated by the profibrotic cytokine TGF-β, thereby preventing liver fibrosis. Tsai et al demonstrated that treatment with heat-killed probiotics (L. plantarum GMNL-6 and Lactobacillus paracasei GMNL-653) significantly inhibited the expression of α-SMA and Smad2/3, thus promoting wound healing of mouse tail skin without excessive scar formation.…”

Heat-killed Lacticaseibacillus paracasei GMNL-653 ameliorates human scalp health by regulating scalp microbiome

“…Topical cream containing heat-killed L. platarum GMNL-6 also improves human skin health [ 23 ]. We previously demonstrated that the treatment of smeared gel containing heat-killed L. platarum GMNL-6 and L. paracasei GMNL-653 on wounded mouse tails exhibited excellent healing ability and the capacity to prevent excessive fibrosis through the suppression of TGF-β/pSmad signaling in the skin wound repair [ 22 ]. In the current study, we found that heat-killed L. paracasei GMNL-653 could ameliorate damaged human scalp health for the first time.…”

“…The glycolipopeptide of Lactiplantibacillus pentosus and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei has anti-adhesion and anti-microbial activity against pathogen in the skin microflora [ 21 ]. Our previous studies demonstrated that heat-killed Lactobacilli preparations from L. plantarum GMNL-6 and L. paracasei GMNL-653 promote skin wound healing and preventing excessive fibrosis by suppressing TGF-β/pSmad signaling [ 22 ]. Lipoteichoic acid, the major cell wall component of GMNL-6, has a beneficial effect on skin care [ 23 ].…”

The Probiotic Strains Bifidοbacterium lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces boulardii Regulate Wound Healing and Chemokine Responses in Human Intestinal Subepithelial Myofibroblasts

“…For instance, it was shown that probiotic supplementation with either Lactobacillus paracasei, B. lactis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, L. acidophilus , or with Lactobacillus rhamnosus , Bifidobacterium longum can accelerate trauma healing after surgeries, with better results when simultaneously using multiple strains [ 76 , 77 , 78 ]. The re-epithelialization in DSS-induced mice was also faster after treatment with Bifidobacterium bifidum , L. acidophilus and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens [ 79 ] In a study by Tsai et al, the co-administration of heat-killed L. plantarum and Lactobacillus paracasei promoted healing in mice [ 80 ], while Kazemi et al showed that the extracts of L. plantarum and Lactobacillus casei promoted the proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells [ 81 ]. Furthermore, a four-strain supplement containing L. acidophilus, L. plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Enterococcus faecium benefited epithelial tight junction integrity and promoted wound healing [ 82 ], and another one containing L. acidophilus, L. plantarum, B. lactis and Bifidobacterium breve can strengthen the epithelial barrier of the gut [ 83 ].…”