Heat of explosion of commercial and brisant high explosives

Abstract:Increasing the nitrogen/carbon ratios in the molecular frameworks of C,H,N,O explosives has attracted considerable attention because it tends to result in more positive heats of formation and often greater densities. In conjunction with this, there has been a growing interest in N-oxide linkages,, as another source of oxygen in these compounds, in addition to or even possibly replacing NO2 groups. In this study, for a series of polyazines and polyazoles, we have compared the effects of introducing a single N-oxide linkage or NO2 group upon key properties that affect detonation velocity and detonation pressure. We found that: (1) The heats of formation per gram of compound, which is what is relevant for this purpose, are almost always higher for the N-oxides. (2) The nitro derivatives have greater densities and detonation heat releases. In relation to the latter, it must be kept in mind that increasing detonation heat release tends to be accompanied by increasing sensitivity. (3) The N-oxides produce more moles of gaseous detonation products per gram of compound.

“…This larger Q has been labeled Q max [4,42]. It is Q max that is related to sensitivity [38,[40][41][42][43]49].…”

Section: Properties Governing Detonation Velocity and Detonation Presmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitro Groups vs. N-Oxide Linkages: Effects Upon Some Key Determinants of Detonation Performance

Politzer¹,

Murray²

2017

“…What is more, high power emulsion explosives also can save the quantity of explosive charge or the number of blastholes. Consequently, high-power emulsion explosive research has received attention from researchers in the field of industrial explosives [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of the Energetic Additive Coated MgH2 on the Power of Emulsion Explosives Sensitized by Glass Microballoons

Cheng

Wang

Feng

et al. 2016

Traditional emulsion explosives, in spite of excellent water resistance, safe handling and good storage performance, have low power problems which seriously hinders their use. In order to improve the power of emulsion explosives, a hydrogen based emulsion explosive was devised. Scanning electron microscope pictures and experimental storage results show that the coating effect and stability of coated magnesium hydride (MgH2) are very good. The power of an emulsion explosive sensitized by glass microballoons was significantly increased (24.30 mm compression of lead block) after adding coated MgH2, compared to only 16.10 mm compression when not added. Thus emulsion explosives with coated MgH2 as an energetic additive have many potential applications.

“…It was found that the four decomposition paths can be extended for non-ideal aluminized explosives with the general formula CHNOFClAl, and gives a more reliable detonation pressure [27] and velocity [28] as compared to the outputs of complex computer codes. Due to the importance of using AN in commercial explosives [15,16], the study on various detonation products and their interactions with Al, as well as partial decomposition of AN, shows that it is possible to improve the predictive power of recent studies [27,28] for a wide range of CHNOFClAl(AN) explosives. A study of the heats of detonation and available experimental data of detonation velocities, which were collected from the open literature, showed that the decomposition paths in previous studies [27,28,30,33,34] shows the appropriate decomposition paths in which the percent participation of Al and AN in these reactions depends on the oxygen content of the other ingredients.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By contrast, a non-ideal explosive has significantly different detonation properties to those predicted by well-known computer codes or empirical methods [11,12]. Aluminum (Al) and ammonium nitrate (AN) have wide applications in the explosives industry [15][16][17][18][19]. Explosives containing these compounds show non-ideal behaviour [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Improved Simple Method for the Calculation of the Detonation Performance of CHNOFCl, Aluminized and Ammonium Nitrate Explosives

Keshavarz

Kamalvand

Jafari

et al. 2016

An improved simple method is presented for calculation of the detonation velocity of CHNO and CHNOFCl explosives, as well as non-ideal explosives containing aluminum (Al) and ammonium nitrate (AN) additives. In contrast to the available complex computer codes, where the estimated detonation velocities of non-ideal explosives for equilibrium and steady state calculations show significant differences from the measured data, this simple method gives more reliable results. Suitable decomposition paths are suggested in which the partial interaction of Al with the gaseous products and the decomposition of AN are assumed for composite explosives containing Al/AN additives. The predicted detonation velocities using the new method are good compared to those from one of the well-known empirical methods and from computer codes using full and partial equilibrium of Al/AN.