2013
DOI: 10.1007/s10694-013-0367-0
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Heat Release Rate of Heavy Goods Vehicle Fire in Tunnels with Fixed Water Based Fire-Fighting System

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Cited by 46 publications
(10 citation statements)
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“…Literature results 17‐27,39‐41 on toxic gases data are used to compute the FED values from the four equations. These include the cone calorimeter data on PMMA, 18 PE, 19 PU and PA6, 23 pine needles, 20 and fir wood 27 ; full‐scale burning tests data on armchair, 17 cardboard boxes with ABS and PSF 25 ; tunnel full‐scale tests data on plastic pallets and wood pallets, 21 wood, PE and PU 22 ; fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) and others 39‐41 …”
Section: Measured Results Reported In Literaturementioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Literature results 17‐27,39‐41 on toxic gases data are used to compute the FED values from the four equations. These include the cone calorimeter data on PMMA, 18 PE, 19 PU and PA6, 23 pine needles, 20 and fir wood 27 ; full‐scale burning tests data on armchair, 17 cardboard boxes with ABS and PSF 25 ; tunnel full‐scale tests data on plastic pallets and wood pallets, 21 wood, PE and PU 22 ; fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) and others 39‐41 …”
Section: Measured Results Reported In Literaturementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Many literature results are reported on toxic gases data 17‐27 measured by oxygen consumption method. Selected data of cone calorimeter on burning polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene (PE), polyurethane (PU), polyamide 6 (PA6), pine needles, polyester PES, and fir wood; of full‐scale burning tests on armchair, polystyrene (PS) and PU, aircraft cabin, aerosol, wood, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), PS foam (PSF), and PES; and of tunnel full‐scale tests on plastic pallets, wood pallets, wood, PE, and n ‐hexane 17‐27 were used to calculate FED from different equations. An appropriate method is then proposed to review the available expressions of FED for assessing smoke toxicity.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For trucks, the measured or estimated HRRs for heavy goods vehicles (HGV) are also given in Figure 28. These HGV tests include the EUREKA HGV fire test in 1992 [77], four HGV tests conducted in the Runehamar tunnel in 2003 by Ingason et al [78] and the LTA HGV test by Cheong et al [79,80]. Most HGV tests that have been carried out in tunnels use a mock-up simulating the cargo of a HGV trailer.…”
Section: Analysis Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the first step, the Kissinger 13 analysis method is used to obtain the E i and A i , which are determined from the significant reactions indicated on the TG experimental curves. The second step is to find the values of n i and c i according to the comparison of the calculated decomposition rates using equation (2) with the TG experimental results. The application of this method is illustrated in Figure 1, where j denotes the jth second, i is the ith component, t e is the total time to complete reactions and N is defined as the total number of components.…”
Section: Reaction Schemes and Kinetic Parametersmentioning
confidence: 99%