Heat shock protein (HSP70) as a marker of epithelial dysplasia in oral dysplastic lesions: A clinicopathological study

Abstract

Objective:In the present study, expression of heat shock protein (HSP70) was evaluated and compared in oral dysplastic lesions, in particular leukoplakia (study group) and in normal mucosal tissues (control group). Additionally, correlation of HSP70 expression with clinical disease status was investigated.Subjects and Methods:A total of 60 fresh tissue specimens were obtained from the oral cavity, consisting of 30 dysplastic cases and 30 normal mucosal tissues. The presence of epithelial dysplasia and its histologic grading was evaluated. Immunohistochemistry was carried out with the monoclonal HSP70 antibodies and expression of cytoplasmic HSP70 within the epithelium was compared between dysplastic and normal mucosal samples using Student's t-test.Results:Expression of HSP70 was detected in 93% of the oral dysplastic tissues and 20% of the normal mucosal tissues. Statistical significant difference in the HSP70 expression was seen between oral dysplastic tissues and normal oral mucosal tissues (P < 0.000). The interexaminer reliability was 93.3%. Statistical significant difference was seen in the HSP70 expression between controls and different grades of dysplasia (mild, moderate and severe). There was no relationship of HSP70 expression with clinical parameters like age, sex, site of the lesion, history of adverse habits and duration of adverse habits.Conclusion:In the present study, HSP70 activity was significantly higher in oral dysplastic (leukoplakia) group than in the control group. Further, as the grade of dysplasia increased, the staining intensity and/or distribution increased, indicating that enhanced HSP70 expression occurs during oral carcinogenesis. Hence, it is concluded that increased HSP70 immunoexpression could be an objective marker for the presence of epithelial dysplasia.

Demographic study of 366 cases of oral leukoplakia and immunohistochemical analysis – An institutional study

“…The maximum number of patients was in the age group of 41–60 years per a study of Patil et al (2015) and Markopoulos et al (2012). [ 9 ] The most common site was buccal mucosa (61.2%) which was similar to the findings noted by Napier and Speight[ 8 ] and Kumar et al [ 10 ] The reason could be the most likely placement of tobacco in the buccal vestibule by most of the patients. This was followed by labial mucosa, commissural area, alveolar ridge, dorsum of the tongue, the floor of mouth and gingiva and other sites.…”

“…IHC evaluation revealed that there was an increase in HSP-70-positive percentage cells of OL in relation to the control group; this was similar to the study done by Patil et al (2015) and Markopoulos et al (2012). [ 9 20 ] The increase of HSP-70 in dysplastic cells has been suggested to play a role in tumorigenesis by suppressing apoptosis. [ 9 ] HSP-70 upregulation indicates that the cells of the lesion are under biological stress.…”

“…[ 9 20 ] The increase of HSP-70 in dysplastic cells has been suggested to play a role in tumorigenesis by suppressing apoptosis. [ 9 ] HSP-70 upregulation indicates that the cells of the lesion are under biological stress. [ 21 ]…”

Molecular Biomarkers of Malignant Transformation in Head and Neck Dysplasia

“…Of the five major families of HSPs, HSP70, and HSP90 are the most frequently identified to play a role in OSCC. HSP70 and HSP90 expression have been found to increase with increasing grades of OED and OSCC in patient samples [ 79 , 80 , 81 ].…”