Heat Shock Proteins and Physiological Stress in Fish

Effects of repeated handling and air exposure on the immune response and the disease resistance of gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) over winter

“…Cortisol and HSPs play critical roles in organism's stress responses [22,23]. In the current study, significant higher inductions of plasma cortisol levels and HSP70 expressions by bacterial challenge were found in the unhandled overwintering carp compared to the repeated handled fish.…”

Cloning and expression of heat shock protein 70 gene in the haemocytes of pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata, Gould 1850) responding to bacterial challenge

“…The Hsp70 family, one of the most abundant of various Hsps, has been confirmed maintaining cellular homeostasis and playing a role in protecting organism following pathogenic stress [7,21,22,[47][48]. In mammals, Hsp70 was reported as protecting human macrophages infected with Salmonella choleraesuis against TNF-a-induced cell death [49], and facilitating rat recovery from E. coli inflammation [20].…”

“…Of these proteins, Hsp70s have been most extensively studied [1,2,[6][7][8][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. A major inducing factor for Hsp70 upregulation is the occurrence of damaged cellular proteins, and the regulation of Hsp70 gene expression occurs mainly at the transcription level [8,9].…”

Autophagy as a defense strategy against stress: focus on Paracentrotus lividus sea urchin embryos exposed to cadmium

“…Among the environmental stressors that aquatic vertebrates have to face, temperature changes have a major role for the growth and survival of ectothermic animals living in variable thermal environments (Iwama et al 1998;Mosser et al 1986). HSPs participate in chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), a chaperone-dependent selection of oxidized and abnormal proteins produced under stressed conditions and targeted to lysosomes for degradation.…”