Heat transfer and electrical discharge of hybrid nanofluid coolants in a fuel cell cooling channel application

Zakaria, IA; Mohamed, Wan Ahmad Najmi Wan; Azid, NHA; Suhaimi, M. Yaseer; Azmi, W.H.

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.118369

Cited by 31 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…By increasing the area of the intake grille and optimizing the window opening angle of the radiator, the heat transfer coefficient could be improved, where a new windward bending structure was developed to improve the heat transfer rate of the radiator [27]. In terms of coolant, Zakaria et al [28] found that 40: 60 hybrid TiO 2 : SiO 2 nanofluid coolant enhanced cooling performance and reduced discharge intensity relative to the heat transfer rate at higher flow rates. For control strategies, based on the Kalman filter algorithm, Wei [29] used the predicted temperature as the core control parameter to keep the temperature difference between the inside of PEMFC and the inlet and outlet of coolant in a low range.…”

Section: Thermal Management Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Fuel Cell System Technology: From Fuel Cell Stack to System Integration

Ren

Shen²,

Li³

et al. 2022

IJAMM

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Review A Review of Fuel Cell System Technology: From Fuel Cell Stack to System Integration Weiqun Ren 1,*, Jun Shen 2, Xuebing Li 1, and Changqing Du 2 1 Dongfeng Commercial Vehicle Co. Ltd., 10 Dongfeng Avenue, Wuhan, China 2 Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China * Correspondence: renweiqun@tsinghua.org.cn; Tel.: +86-139-1820-4209 Received: 14 October 2022 Accepted: 8 November 2022 Published: 18 December 2022 Abstract: The technology of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCV) is the ultimate direction of clean energy vehicle development, and commercial vehicles are the most important application area for fuel cell commercialization. This paper summarizes the key components, technologies and development trends of the fuel cell stack, fuel cell system and vehicle integration at home and abroad, and points out that key materials (such as bipolar plates and membrane electrodes), key system components (such as air compressors and ejectors), high-power modular integration technologies, and fuel cell control technologies are the main factors influencing the commercialization of FCVs. Particularly, we put the main fouce on variable ejector or multi-stage ejector technology, integrated and optimized control technology, and multi-energy cooperative control technology due to their crucial roles in meeting the industrial development of FCVs in China. Furthermore, some guidance opinions are also provided for reference about the development and industrialization of FCVs.

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Section: Thermal Management Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Fuel Cell System Technology: From Fuel Cell Stack to System Integration

Ren

Shen²,

Li³

et al. 2022

IJAMM

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“…Some researchers performed work on thermal storage with diverse material characterized as sensible materials under packed bed related to thermal storage like clay, dry clay, nylon 6 etc. 29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36) as per new trend some performed worked on phase change material (PCM) and composite PCM 33,34) which is coated with different material for diverse application like thermal management of batteries 34) . Many researches performed work on diverse type of nano fluid made of different nano particle like Al2O3-CuO, CuO-ZnO, Al2O3-ZnO, CuO-ZnO, Al2O3-SiO2, TiO2-SiO2 with water as base fluid known as hybrid nano fluid 35,36) for improvement of electric discharge, hydraulic performance and thermal management of fuel cell.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Experimental and CFD Analysis of Fluid Flow Attributes in Mini Channel with Hybrid CuO+ZnO+H_2O Nano Fluid and (H_2O) Base Fluid

Kaushik¹,

Uniyal²,

Verma³

et al. 2023

Evergreen

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Comparative study is carried out between nano fluid (nf) CuO+ZnO+H2O and water (H2O) as solitary fluid through experimental and simulation result. The outcome of nano fluid and solo H2O flowing inside rectangular strip mini channel with or without mini insert were admit, for study the conduct of fluid flow and heat-exchange features like Nusselt number (Nu), Friction factor (f), Effectiveness (Ɛ), Coefficient of thermal transfer (h), Heat transfer factor (Q), Nu/Nus, f/fs, thermal-performance factor (TPF), Number of transferring unit (NTU) and Reynolds's number (Re). During composing of nano fluid 0.01% volume fraction, 10-20 nm size nano particles were mixed with 0.5ml CTAB surfactant. Experimentation was managed for different operating parameters under counter flow conditions, where nano fluid is flowing inside mini channel of 2 mm diameter with flow rate 0.0001562 kg/sec (9.37 ml/min) to 0.006255 kg/sec (375.30 ml/min) and hot water is flowing inside the concentric tube of 3cm diameter with flow rate of 0.000782 kg/sec (46.92 ml/min). The operating temperature of nano fluid and hot water were 303K and 323K. As per obtained results, the proposed composition of nanofluid showed better performance than normal water due to better thermal conductivity and extra molecular area gain in nanofluid due to addition of nano particle with base fluid, Thus, it improved the results 18%-21% approximately. Whereas better optimum results were observed in case of rectangular mini channel with mini insert compared with other geometry because of rich turbulency gain and extra exposed area due to mini insert. It affects optimum results in terms of better performance up to 9%-15% compared with simple micro channel without inserts.

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“…Some researchers performed work on thermal storage with diverse material characterized as sensible materials under packed bed related to thermal storage like clay, dry clay, nylon 6 etc. 29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36) as per new trend some performed worked on phase change material (PCM) and composite PCM 33,34) which is coated with different material for diverse application like thermal management of batteries 34) . Many researches performed work on diverse type of nano fluid made of different nano particle like Al2O3-CuO, CuO-ZnO, Al2O3-ZnO, CuO-ZnO, Al2O3-SiO2, TiO2-SiO2 with ater as base fluid known as hybrid nano fluid 35,36) for improvement of electric discharge, hydraulic performance and thermal management of fuel cell.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Fluid Flow Attributes in Rectangular Shape Micro Channel having External Rectangular Inserts with Hybrid Al_2O_3+ZnO+H_2O Nano Fluid and (H_2O) Base Fluid

Kaushik,

Ajay Kumar Verma,

Singh

et al. 2023

Evergreen

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Comparative analysis is conducted between nano fluid (nf) Al2O3+ZnO+H2O and water (H2O) as base fluid through experimental and simulation result. The effect of nano fluid and (base) fluid flowing inside rectangular micro channel with or without insert were acknowledge, for analysis the behavior of fluid flow, heat transfer and performance characteristics like Nusselt number (Nu), Friction factor (f), Effectiveness (Ɛ), Coefficient of thermal transfer (h), Heat transfer factor (Q), Nu/Nus, f/fs, thermal-performance factor (TPF), Number of transferring unit (NTU) and Reynolds's number (Re). During preparation of nano fluid 0.01% volume fraction, 10-20 nm size nano particles were taken with 0.5ml CTAB (cetyl-2 tri-methyl, ammonium-bromide) surfactant. Experimentation was conducted for different operating parameters under counter flow conditions, where nano fluid is flowing inside micro channel of 0.081mm diameter with flow rate 0.0001562 kg/sec (9.37 ml/min) to 0.006255 Kg/sec (375.30 ml/min) and hot water is flowing inside the concentric tube of 3cm diameter with flow rate of 0.000782 Kg/sec (46.92 ml/min). The operating temperature of nano fluid and hot water were 303K and 323K. As per obtained results, the proposed composition of nanofluid showed better performance than base fluid due to better thermal conductivity and extra molecular area gain in nanofluid due to addition of nano particle with base fluid. It improves the results 21% approximately. Better optimum results were observed in case of rectangular micro channel with micro insert compared with other geometry because of rich turbulency gain and extra exposed area due to micro insert. It affects optimum results in terms of better performance up to 9%-18% compared with simple micro channel without inserts.

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Heat transfer and electrical discharge of hybrid nanofluid coolants in a fuel cell cooling channel application

Cited by 31 publications

References 51 publications

A Review of Fuel Cell System Technology: From Fuel Cell Stack to System Integration

A Review of Fuel Cell System Technology: From Fuel Cell Stack to System Integration

Comparative Experimental and CFD Analysis of Fluid Flow Attributes in Mini Channel with Hybrid CuO+ZnO+H_2O Nano Fluid and (H_2O) Base Fluid

Comparative Analysis of Fluid Flow Attributes in Rectangular Shape Micro Channel having External Rectangular Inserts with Hybrid Al_2O_3+ZnO+H_2O Nano Fluid and (H_2O) Base Fluid

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