Heat transfer and exergy analysis of cascaded latent heat storage with gravity-assisted heat pipes for concentrating solar power applications

Shabgard, Hamidreza; Robak, Christopher; Bergman, T. L.; Faghri, Amir

doi:10.1016/j.solener.2011.12.008

Cited by 129 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Nakaso et al [15] [17], and Shabgard et al [22]. Watanabe and Kanzawa [17] found increased exergy efficiency by using multiple PCMs, whilst Shabgard et al [22] found that the multiple PCMs recovered more amount of exergy despite of having lower exergy efficiency at times. A thermal analysis taking exergy into account does not only consider the quantity of energy, but also the quality of energy, and therefore is very important.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and exergetic analysis of Metal Foam-enhanced Cascaded Thermal Energy Storage (MF-CTES)

YiShui¹,

Zhao²

2013

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

100

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Metal Foam-enhanced Cascaded Thermal Energy Storage (MF-CTES) has been proposed to solve the problem of poor heat transfer during heat exchange process, which is caused by unavoidable decrease of temperature differences. This paper conducts a theoretical study examining the overall thermal performance of STES (Single-stage Thermal Energy Storage), CTES (Cascaded Thermal Energy Storage) and MF-CTES, with both heat exchange rate and exergy efficiency being considered. The main findings are: heat exchange rate of STES is improved by CTES (up to 30%), and is further improved by MF-CTES (by 2-7 times); exergy efficiency of STES cannot be significantly improved by CTES (-15% to +30%), nor by MF-CTES; exergy transfer rate of STES is increased by CTES (up to 23%), and is further increased by MF-CTES (by 2-7 times).

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confidence: 99%

Thermal and exergetic analysis of Metal Foam-enhanced Cascaded Thermal Energy Storage (MF-CTES)

YiShui¹,

Zhao²

2013

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

100

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“…Moreover, the time that this process would take depends on the amount of PCM in the system; as such, heat pipes were used to discharge the thermal energy effectively so to extend the working life of the LiB. Previous studies have proposed using a PCM with embedded heat pipes so as to increase the effective thermal conductivity of the PCM when charging or discharging thermal energy from a heat transfer fluid in a latent thermal energy system in a concentrating solar power plant (Lee et al, 2005;Tardy and Sami, 2009;Nithyanandam and Pitchumani, 2011;Shabgard et al, 2012;Nithyanandam and Pitchumani, 2014). These studies made important suggestions regarding thermal management methods using a combination of PCM and heat pipes, but there are very large differences from our study in terms of the scale of the device and the melting temperature range.…”

Section: Building Of the Prototype Cooling Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of a lithium-ion battery cooling system for electric vehicles using a phase-change material and heat pipes

Yamada

Koshiyama

Yoshikawa

et al. 2017

JTST

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The energy and power densities of lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) are bound to improve in the future. To use such high-performance battery systems as the power source of electric vehicles, the safety and the stability of these systems need to be guaranteed and abnormal heat emissions should not lead to thermal runaway. In this study, we have developed a prototype hybrid cooling system combined with a phase-change material and heat pipes to control abnormal heat emissions in LiBs. The system was built using paraffin wax as the phase change material, heat pipes, and an electric heater modeled on A4-sized laminated-type LiBs pack. We conducted some experiments using this system under conditions that would result in abnormal heating and thermal runaway. As a result, we were able to confirm that the time needed to reach temperatures leading to thermal runaway in the modeled battery pack was extended to 708 seconds by adopting our proposed cooling system, from 104 seconds in the case with no cooling device. A numerical analysis of the heat balance and thermal distribution was also calculated. The calculation results confirmed the thermal behavior in the experimental system, and we investigated the effect of the heat pipes and PCM. The issues that need to be solved to make practical use of the cooling system were also clarified by those discussions. Tatsuya Yamada, Koshiyama, Yoshikawa, Takashi Yamada and Ono, Journal of Thermal Science and Technology, Vol.12, No.1 (2017) damage is done to their internal structure when they reach 80 °C-85 °C (Hammami et al., 2003). These problems must be solved to improve the safety of EVs; therefore, it is necessary to determine what heat control technologies could be used.In this study, we aimed to mitigate thermal runaway by developing a prototype of a hybrid cooling system that combines phase-change materials (PCM) and heat pipes to control abnormal heat emissions from an LiB. This prototype system is intended for A4-sized laminated-type LiBs built with a paraffin wax PCM and heat pipes. We conducted experiments using this system at temperatures that would generally result in thermal runaway. Moreover, we performed a numerical analysis of the heat balance and thermal distribution during abnormal heating. With the help of the calculation results, the thermal behavior in the experimental system was studied and the effect of the heat pipes and PCM were discussed. Lithium-ion battery hybrid-cooling system 2.1 Lithium-ion batteryLiBs are a type of secondary batteries that use graphite as the cathode and, for example, lithium-cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ), lithium-manganese oxide (LiMn 2 O 4 ), or lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ) as the anode. As such, these systems have a simple structure, high electrical conductivity and no memory effect, which means that the LiBs can be lightweight, small, and have high energy density. Recently, LiBs have been adapted for small electronic equipment such as personal computers and smartphones. LiBs, however, have quite poor thermal stability and, t...

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“…Most prominently is the low thermal conductivity of the studied materials, particularly in the solid phase, which has a limiting effect on the heat transfer during the discharging process. Numerous methods of improving the heat transfer rate have been studied, including adding a highly conductive material to the PCM [8][9][10][11][12][13], employing multiple PCMs with varying melting temperature [14][15][16], macro-and micro-encapsulation [5,6,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25], and embedding fins into the PCM [26][27][28][29]. Another option is to use heat pipes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their work showed that heat pipes have a more significant impact when the PCM is in the tubes rather than surrounding them. In a related work, Shabgard et al [15] numerically studied a cascaded multi-PCM system with gravity-assisted heat pipes embedded into the PCM using a thermal element network approach. Their results indicated that 10% more exergy can be recovered during a 24-h charging/discharging cycle in comparison to a non-cascaded system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Integrated Thermal Energy Storage and Free-Piston Stirling Generator for a Concentrating Solar Power System

2017

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Incorporating thermal energy storage (TES) into a concentrating solar power (CSP) system extends the power production hours, eliminating intermittency and reducing the Levelized Cost of the Energy (LCOE). The designed TES system was integrated with a 3 kW free-piston Stirling convertor. A NaF-NaCl eutectic salt was chosen as the phase change material (PCM) with a melting temperature of 680 • C. This eutectic salt has an energy density that is 5 to 10 times that of a typical molten salt PCM. In order to overcome the drawbacks of the material having a low thermal conductivity, heat pipes were embedded into the PCM to enhance the heat transfer rate within the system. Since the dish collector tracks the sun over the course of the day, two operational extremes were tested on the system; horizontal (zero solar elevation at sunrise/sunset) and vertical (solar noon). Although the system's performance was below the expectations due to improperly sized wicks in the secondary heat pipes, the results indicated that the Stirling engine was able to produce 1.3 kWh of electricity by extracting latent heat energy from the PCM; thus, the concept of the design was validated.

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Heat transfer and exergy analysis of cascaded latent heat storage with gravity-assisted heat pipes for concentrating solar power applications

Cited by 129 publications

References 27 publications

Thermal and exergetic analysis of Metal Foam-enhanced Cascaded Thermal Energy Storage (MF-CTES)

Thermal and exergetic analysis of Metal Foam-enhanced Cascaded Thermal Energy Storage (MF-CTES)

Analysis of a lithium-ion battery cooling system for electric vehicles using a phase-change material and heat pipes

Development of an Integrated Thermal Energy Storage and Free-Piston Stirling Generator for a Concentrating Solar Power System

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