“…For the requirements the consistency of "heat transfer capacity, volume, energy consumption" of the heat exchanger in the industrial application, the tube spacing (Wang et al, 2010;Song et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2018), fin spacing (Hu et al, 2013;, fin material (Lizardi et al, 2004;Gai et al, 2010), fin structure (Han et al, 2013;Lin et al, 2014;Arora et al, 2015;Wei et al, 2016;Capata and Beyene, 2017;Guo et al, 2017;Agbossou et al, 2018), fluid flow parameters (Wang et al, 2012a;Lin et al, 2014) and other aspects of the heat exchanger heat transfer performance were studied. The heat transfer performance of the fin with vortex generators (VGs) punched on the fin surface also be studied (Wang et al, 2010;Aliabdi et al, 2016;Dezan et al, 2016;Salviano et al, 2016;Väalikangas et al, 2018). When the area goodness factor was used as the criteria on the condition of one tube unit of heat exchanger for commonly used fin materials and fin thickness, the transversal tube pitch has considerable effect on the heat transfer enhancement of VGs.…”