The present work is concerned with the flow reversal phenomenon that is caused by the centrifugal buoyancy forces in the case of three-dimensional radially outward flow through rectangular ducts rotating in orthogonal mode. Due to the flow reversal, regions of zero to low fluid velocity (stagnation) are created near the leading wall and the heat transfer, consequently, is impaired causing concerns for the design engineers. Three duct cross-sections of the same hydraulic diameter but different aspect ratios (1:1, 2:1 and 3.33:1) have been examined in this numerical study for flows at different rotation numbers and different temperature ratios. The rotation number examined ranged from 0.08 to 0.35. For each rotation number the temperature ratio is increased until the flow reversal phenomenon is observed in the CFD predictions. For all the three ducts, computations have been carried out for Reynolds number equal to 80,000. The onset of the flow reversal near the leading wall and at the exit of the single-pass flow passage is studied with the buoyancy number variation.
As the aspect ratio is increased while keeping the duct hydraulic diameter fixed, the buoyancy number required to cause the onset of flow reversal decreases. Also, for each of the three ducts examined it has been found that the buoyancy number required for the predicted reverse flow to occur increases as the rotation number is increased.