Heat Transfer Through a Double Pane Window

Korpela, Seppo A.; Lee, Yee Hui; Drummond, J. E.

doi:10.1115/1.3245127

Cited by 58 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…Lee and Korpela [4] indicate that secondary cells will not form in air-filled cavities of A<12. The increased strength of the primary flow at higher values of Ra will also increase the level of thermal stratification and accordingly the results of 5 stability analysis indicate that secondary cells will disappear as Ra becomes sufficiently large (e.g., [12,14,15,16]). The vertical stratification is always strong, locally, at the ends of the cavity and this, in combination with the additional viscous damping adjacent the end-walls, ensures that secondary cells never form in these locations.…”

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Flow visualization of natural convection in a tall, air-filled vertical cavity

Wright

Jin²,

Hollands

et al. 2006

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

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Natural convection of air in a tall vertical cavity was studied using a smoke patterns and interferometry. Experiments covered Rayleigh numbers of 4,850 < Ra < 54,800 and aspect ratio A ≈ 40. Secondary cells were noted at Ra as low as 6,228. The flow was stable at Ra < 10 4 . As Ra exceeded 10 4 the flow became irregular, the core flow became increasingly unsteady and 3-D motion became evident. Interferometry showed that most of the temperature drop exists in boundary layers near the walls. The core is well-mixed and of relatively uniform temperature with little or no vertical stratification.

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confidence: 99%

“…Korpela et al [12] showed that the results of Bergholz [13] could be simplified to predict the 4 critical value of Grashof number at which the onset of secondary cells takes place from the conduction regime. This result, recast as a critical Rayleigh number is:…”

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confidence: 99%

Flow visualization of natural convection in a tall, air-filled vertical cavity

Wright

Jin²,

Hollands

et al. 2006

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

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“…A rigorous analysis of #uid #ows can be found in the book by Padet (1991). Theoretical and numerical studies by Raithby and Wong (1981), de Vahl Davis (1968), Korpela et al (1982) re"ned the resolution of the problem, i.e. the accuracy of heat transfer calculations.…”

Section: Review Of Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat losses through building walls with closed, open and deformable cavities

Lorente

2002

Int. J. Energy Res.

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SUMMARYThis article reviews a recent body of work that documents the heat #ow through walls with relatively complicated internal structure. The "rst part presents the fundamentals of natural convection heat transfer in two-dimensional enclosures "lled with air. Numerical simulations for Rayleigh numbers in the range 6000}30000 and aspect ratio A"40 show that the air circulation is periodic (pulsating) and the core space is dominated by almost equidistant rolls. The heat transfer e!ected by such #ows is documented, and the application to walls with tall cavities (hollow bricks) is discussed. The paper continues with a study of heat transfer through a ventilated wall heated by solar radiation from the side. The heated side is ventilated by an air channel opened at both ends. It is shown that the design of the air channel has a signi"cant e!ect on the share of the radiative heat input intercepted by the air #ow. The concluding part of the paper is a "rst-time review of new work on natural convection heat transfer across elongated vertical cavities with deformed side walls (e.g. air gaps in double-pane windows). It is shown that when the side walls are bent inward so that the cavity is narrower at mid-height than at its top and bottom ends, the total heat transfer rate through the system is increased signi"cantly. The deformation of the walls also a!ects the intensity and structure of the buoyancy-driven #ow in the air space. Overall, this article reviews some of the newest work on heat losses through complicated wall structures and projects it on the background provided by the existing literature. The global interest in energy conservation has stimulated a steady stream of fundamental and applied studies on how energy is lost*how heat &leaks'*from the systems in which energy currents are essential. Key advances are cited in the next section. This activity has placed the focus on the interaction between energy systems and their immediate #uid environments. The #ow of energy (heating) drives the #ow of #uids, and, in turn, #owing #uids convect energy. To predict the rate of heat loss e!ected by #uid #ow is one goal. Another is to interpret this result for the purpose of design: the development of structural changes in the wall of the system so that in future designs the loss of heat is minimized. The work reviewed in this article covers both aspects with application to the loss of heat through walls of buildings. The same mechanism, or the same &coupling' between #owing energy currents and #owing #uids stands behind the large-scale environmental #ows reviewed in other articles in this issue.

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“…Korpela et al 1982, Lee and Korpela 1983, Zhao et al 1997, Lartigue et al 2000. Secondary flow enhances heat transfer through glazing cavities, and may also take part in frame cavities of a certain shape, see Gustavsen and Thue (2007).…”

Section: Heat Transfer Modeling Of Window Frame Cavitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-the-Art Highly Insulating Window Frames - Research and Market Review

Gustavsen¹,

Jelle²,

Arasteh³

et al. 2007

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Summary This document reports the findings of a market and research review related to state-of-the-art highly insulating window frames. The market review focuses on window frames that satisfy the area to a minimum, which is done by focusing on the net energy gain by the entire window (frame, spacer and glazing). Literature shows that a window with a higher U-value may give a net energy gain to a building that is higher than a window with a smaller U-value. The net energy gain is calculated by subtracting the transmission losses through the window from the

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Heat Transfer Through a Double Pane Window

Cited by 58 publications

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Flow visualization of natural convection in a tall, air-filled vertical cavity

Flow visualization of natural convection in a tall, air-filled vertical cavity

Heat losses through building walls with closed, open and deformable cavities

State-of-the-Art Highly Insulating Window Frames - Research and Market Review

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