Heat waves and urban heat islands in Europe: A review of relevant drivers

Ward, Kathrin; Lauf, Steffen; Kleinschmit, Birgit; Endlicher, Wilfried

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.119

Cited by 444 publications

(241 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This phenomenon meant that when background LST increased, urban area LST experienced faster increase than the nearby rural areas, similar with the heat wave exaggeration results on SUHII [69,70]. In our study, the SUHII reached a peak at 13:30 in summer for the two MODIS daytime observation times.…”

Section: Possible Mechanisms Of Seasonal Suhii Variationssupporting

confidence: 82%

Different Patterns in Daytime and Nighttime Thermal Effects of Urbanization in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration

et al. 2017

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Surface urban heat island (SUHI) in the context of urbanization has gained much attention in recent decades; however, the seasonal variations of SUHI and their drivers are still not well documented. In this study, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) urban agglomeration, one of the most typical areas experiencing drastic urbanization in China, was selected to study the SUHI intensity (SUHII) based on remotely sensed land surface temperature (LST) data. Pure and unchanged urban and rural pixels from 2000 to 2010 were chosen to avoid non-concurrency between land cover data and LST data and to estimate daytime and nighttime thermal effects of urbanization. Different patterns of the seasonal variations were found in daytime and nighttime SUHIIs. Specifically, the daytime SUHII in summer (4 • C) was more evident than in other seasons while a cold island phenomenon was found in winter; the nighttime SUHII was always positive and higher than the daytime one in all the seasons except summer. Moreover, we found the highest daytime SUHII in August, which is the growing peak stage of summer maize, while nighttime SUHII showed a trough in the same month. Seasonal variations of daytime SUHII showed higher significant correlations with the seasonal variations of ∆LAI (leaf area index) (R 2 = 0.81, r = −0.90) compared with ∆albedo (R 2 = 0.61, r = −0.78) and background daytime LST (R 2 = 0.69, r = 0.83); moreover, agricultural practices (double-cropping system) played an important role in the seasonal variations of daytime SUHII. Seasonal variations of the nighttime SUHII did not show significant correlations with either of seasonal variations of ∆LAI, ∆albedo, and background nighttime LST, which implies different mechanisms in nighttime SUHII variation needing future studies.

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Section: Possible Mechanisms Of Seasonal Suhii Variationssupporting

confidence: 82%

Different Patterns in Daytime and Nighttime Thermal Effects of Urbanization in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration

et al. 2017

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“…Moreover, HWs generally spread their impact over large geographical areas where many vulnerable subjects may be exposed. The HW effect may also be exacerbated in large urban areas because of the urban heat island phenomenon, capable of amplifying the regional heat load during HW events [14,15]. In this regard, several studies have also revealed higher mortality rates in more densely built-up districts of urban areas than in rural ones [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing Heatwave Hazards in the Southeastern European Union Capitals

et al. 2017

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Heatwaves (HWs) are one of the "natural" hazards with the greatest impact worldwide in terms of mortality and economic losses, and their effects may be exacerbated in large urban areas. For these reasons, more detailed analyses of urban HW trends represent a priority that cannot be neglected. In this study, HW trends were investigated during the warmest period of the year (May-September) by using a slightly improved version of the EuroHEAT HW definition applied on long meteorological time-series (36-year period, 1980-2015) collected by weather stations located in the capitals of the 28 European Union member countries. Comparisons between two 18-year sub-periods (1980-1997 vs. 1998-2015) were carried out and a city-specific HW hazard index (HWHI), accounting for the main HW characteristics, was proposed. Most of the capitals revealed significant positive trends of the majority of HW hazard characteristics and substantial HWHI increases were observed during the sub-period 1998-2015, especially in the central-eastern and southeastern cities. Conversely, minor HWHI increases were observed in most of the northern capitals and opposite situations were even observed in several northern and especially southwestern cities. The results of this study represent a support for planning urban HW-related mitigation and adaptation strategies with the priority given to the southeastern cities.

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“…Adaptace (spolu s mitigacemi) představují nejvýznamnější cestu k omezení negativních dopadů změny klimatu a zvýšení připravenosti sociálně-ekologických systémů vůči ohrožujícím výkyvům prostředí. Mezi nejvýraznější problémy spojené s dopady změny klimatu ve městech patří v současnosti městský tepelný ostrov (Urban Heat Island -UHI) a jeho zesilování efektem horkých vln (Ward et al, 2016). Mezi další problémy patří nedostatečné zasakování srážkových vod, obecně využití a hospodaření se srážkovými vodami, povodně a lokální záplavy, rozsah a kvalita městské zeleně či sucho a zajištění pitné vody a závlah.…”

Section: Rezilientní Města: čEská Republikaunclassified

Aplikace participativních metod v oblasti globálních problémů životního prostředí

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Lorencová

2017

Envigogika

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AbstraktParticipativní metody získávají stále větší popularitu v oblasti udržitelného rozvoje a životního prostředí. Důvodem je nejenom získání informací od expertů či klíčových aktérů v dané oblasti, ale rovněž aspekt participace a vzdělávání. V tomto článku se zaměřujeme na analýzu zkušeností s aplikací participativní deliberativní metody World Café v různých kulturních prostředích a oblastech globálních problémů životního prostředí. Komplexní problémy v oblasti globální environmentální změny, zde reprezentované problematikou adaptací na změnu klimatu, hodnocením ekosystémových služeb a klimaticky inteligentním zemědělstvím, vyžadují zapojení různorodých aktérů do rozhodovacího procesu. Výsledné znalosti, získané aplikací vědeckých vstupů a jejich konfrontací se zkušenostmi a hodnotami jednotlivých aktérů, poskytují podklad pro adaptivní rozhodování a směřují k řešení jednotlivých problémů. Participativní metody rovněž umožňují skrze sdílení a výměny zkušeností sociální učení dotčených aktérů a sdílení lokálních znalostí, což v konečném důsledku podporuje efektivnější implementaci vědeckých výstupů do praxe. Na příkladech z České republiky, Kyrgyzstánu a Ghany ilustrujeme možnosti participativních metod podporovat politické rozhodování v oblasti globální environmentální změny. Klíčová slovasociálně-ekologické systémy, participativní metody, World Café, spoluvytváření znalostí, ekosystémové služby, adaptace na změnu klimatu, sociální učení AbstractParticipatory methods have gained increasing popularity in the area of sustainable development and environmental change. The reason for this is not only to get information from experts or key actors in the area, but also the value they bring in terms of participation and education. In this article, we focus on analyzing the experience of using the participative deliberative method of World Café in various cultural environments and various topics of global environmental change. Complex problems in the area of global environmental change, represented here by adaptation to climate change, the assessment of ecosystem services, and climate smart agriculture, require the involvement of diverse actors in decision-making process. The resulting knowledge, gained through the application of scientific inputs and their confrontation with the experience and values of the individual actors, provide the basis

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Heat waves and urban heat islands in Europe: A review of relevant drivers

Cited by 444 publications

References 38 publications

Different Patterns in Daytime and Nighttime Thermal Effects of Urbanization in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration

Different Patterns in Daytime and Nighttime Thermal Effects of Urbanization in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration

Increasing Heatwave Hazards in the Southeastern European Union Capitals

Aplikace participativních metod v oblasti globálních problémů životního prostředí

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