Heated Cell for Thermal Stability Studies of Polymers Using Infrared Spectroscopy

Conley, Robert T.; Bieron, Joseph F.

doi:10.1366/000370261774427028

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The new peak at 1539 cm -1 is assigned as the stretching frequency of a methylassisted conjugated double bond [ν -(CH)CH)n-, when n > 6]. [30][31][32][33] It is well-known that as the conjugated double (Scheme 1) bond forms (due to reversion), the mechanical properties of the rubber decrease. With the addition of maleic acid and maleic anhydride, followed by sintering, the peak at 1663 cm -1 has completely disappeared, and the transmittance intensity of the peak at 1539 cm -1 has diminished substantially ( Figure 9).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Approach to Improving the Mechanical Properties in Recycled Vulcanized Natural Rubber and Its Mechanism

et al. 2002

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Vulcanized rubbers have three-dimensional chemical networks, and as a result they do not melt or dissolve. The presence of these networks creates a tremendous problem at the end of a product's life (i.e., recycling). Recently, R. J. Farris et al. have rediscovered a technique coined "high-pressure hightemperature sintering" (HPHTS) that fuses/sinters 100% vulcanized rubber powder into a solid mass recovering approximately 35-40% of the original mechanical properties. A method of enhancing the mechanical properties of sintered natural rubber powder by incorporating various organic compounds will be discussed in this paper. Additives of different chemical structures such as dienophiles (maleic acid and maleic anhydride), dipolarophiles (phthalimide), and organic acids (benzoic acid, salicyclic acid, and others) are employed. Attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR) and electron ionization mass spectrometry (EIMS) are used to investigate the mechanisms of sintering and the underlying factors behind the enhancement of the properties that is seen with incorporation of these additives.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Approach to Improving the Mechanical Properties in Recycled Vulcanized Natural Rubber and Its Mechanism

et al. 2002

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“…From all of these results, the presence of grafted p-PBM groups onto a-PP could be clearly concluded. 37,38 The grafting level was obtained by a hot titration method, 28,35,36,39,40 which determined the two acid groups present in the bismaleamic acid grafted on the PP backbone (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Table I Properties Of A-pp Used In This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical modification process of an atactic polypropylene by p‐phenylen‐bismaleamic acid in the melt

García‐Martínez

Cofrades

Areso

2003

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This study was concerned with the chemical modification process of an atactic polypropylene from polymerization reactor byproducts with p-phenylen-bismaleamic acid to obtain a new grafted polymer supposed to play an important role as an interfacial agent in heterogeneous systems based on polymers. The grafting process was undertaken with the aid of the Box-Wilson experimental worksheet, with two independent variables (or controlled factors), the level of polar monomer to be grafted in the polymer and the concentration of the initiator, and with the agitation rate kept constant. Each item of the experimental design was performed at four different reaction times. This latter let us ascertain the transient nature of the process and the existence of a critical point in the concentration of both reactants conducting the system to the maximum grafting yield.

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“…9 The IR spectra of sulfonated and aminated PSU are shown in Figure 8. The most characteristic band of PSU with OSO 2 OOH groups is at 922 cm Ϫ1 due to the SOO stretching vibrations, as described in the literature, 14,15 while characteristic bands for PSU with DEVELOPMENT OF IONOMER BLEND MEMBRANES. I NH 2 groups are at 1670 cm Ϫ1 due to the in-plane bending vibration, at 1300 cm Ϫ1 due to CON stretching of primary aromatic amines, and at 980 cm Ϫ1 due to out-of-plane bending vibrations.…”

Section: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 65%

“…15,16 Common to both polymers are the ROSO 2 OR groups, and characteristic bands are in the 1120 cm Ϫ1 region due to symmetric SAO stretching vibrations and in the 1230 cm Ϫ1 region due to asymmetric SAO stretching vibrations. 14,15 Identification of the exact bands is difficult due to the overlapping with the symmetric SAO stretching vibrations of aromatic sulfonates in the 1260 -1150 cm Ϫ1 region and the asymmet-ric SAO stretching vibrations in the 1080 -1000 cm Ϫ1 region.…”

Section: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of new ionomer blend membranes, their characterization, and their application in the perstractive separation of alkenes from alkene–alkane mixtures. I. Polymer modification, ionomer blend membrane preparation, and characterization

Kerres¹,

Zyl²

1999

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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In this contribution, the synthesis and characterization of novel ion-exchange blend membranes which contain the SO 3 Ag group for the application in the perstractive separation of alkene-alkane mixtures, where the Ag ϩ ion serves as facilitated transport site for the alkene via formation of a pi complex with the alkene double bond, is presented. In this part of the article, the synthesis and characterization of following blend membrane types are described: (1) acid-base blend membranes of ortho-sulfone-sulfonated polysulfone (PSU) with ortho-sulfone-diaminated PSU; (2) blend membranes of ortho-sulfone-sulfonated PSU with unmodified PSU; (3) blend membranes of ortho-sulfone-sulfonated PSU with ortho-sulfone disilylated PSU. The differently modified PSU types were characterized via 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR). The acid-base blend membranes were characterized via Fourier transfer infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. It could be indirectly proved that formation of PSU-SO 3 O ϩ H 3 N-PSU ionic crosslinks takes place. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations of (1) and (2) yielded the results that these blends are inhomogeneous at the microscopic scale. Mechanical stabilization of these blends is accomplished by physical entanglement of the different macromolecules. The blends (3) were macroscopically inhomogeneous due to the strong difference in hydrophilicity of the blend components. Only the blend 90% PSU-SO 3 HO10% PSU[Si(CH 3 ) 3 ] 2 formed a blended membrane.

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Heated Cell for Thermal Stability Studies of Polymers Using Infrared Spectroscopy

Cited by 13 publications

References 2 publications

A Novel Approach to Improving the Mechanical Properties in Recycled Vulcanized Natural Rubber and Its Mechanism

A Novel Approach to Improving the Mechanical Properties in Recycled Vulcanized Natural Rubber and Its Mechanism

Chemical modification process of an atactic polypropylene by p‐phenylen‐bismaleamic acid in the melt

Development of new ionomer blend membranes, their characterization, and their application in the perstractive separation of alkenes from alkene–alkane mixtures. I. Polymer modification, ionomer blend membrane preparation, and characterization

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