Heating Mechanism Of Unprotect4ed Steel Beam Installed Beneath Ceiling And Exposed To A Localized Fire: Verification Using The Real-scale Experiment And Effects Of The Smoke Layer

Wakamatsu, Takashi; Hasemi, Yuji; Kagiya, Koji; Kamikawa, Daisuke

doi:10.3801/iafss.fss.7-1099

Cited by 10 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Based on historical research on localised fires for developing correlations between heat fluxes and the distance to the fire origin, a number of empirical models have been proposed, such as the ceiling localised fire model in EN 1991-1-2:2002 (2002) and the correlations for a beam underneath the ceiling as shown in Figure 1 suggested in the SFPE Handbook (Lattimer, 2002) which are based on a number of tests (Hasemi et al, 1996; Pchelintsev et al, 1997; Wakamatsu et al, 2003; Wakamatsu and Hasemi, 1988). A slightly modified model using different plateau and exponential decay was adopted by Jeffers and Sotelino (2012).…”

Section: Localised Fire Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Derived from (Wakamatsu et al, 2003) tests, a model is specified in SFPE hand book to account for the shield effect of steel beams when localised fires occur underneath it. Basically, here the flame tip lengths are quantified for the beam lower flange ( L B ) and the upper part ( L C ) separately…”

Section: Localised Fire Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To quantitatively describe this correlation, it is suggested that the heat flux distribution can be represented as a function of the radial distance from the stagnation point ( r ) and the horizontal length of the flame beneath the ceiling ( L C ) (Cooper, 1982; Hasemi et al, 1997; You and Faeth, 1979). Using the same methodology, the work reported in Pchelintsev et al (1997) and Wakamatsu et al (2003) explored the thermal response of steel beams under a ceiling exposed to a localised fire, and heat flux distributions for beam flanges and web were proposed for different flame lengths. Society of Fire Protection Engineers (SFPE) hand book (Lattimer, 2002) adopted the suggested correlations between heat flux and radial distance for steel beams on ceilings with the proviso that for fires over 2.0 MW, and the correlation for the lower flange should be used for the whole beam as the steel beam is expected to be entirely engulfed in flames in such cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feasibility of dimensionally reduced heat transfer analysis for structural members subjected to localised fire

Jiang

Chen

Usmani

2018

Advances in Structural Engineering

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Considerable attention has been placed on the localised fire action in the structural fire safety engineering community. Localised fire action can be represented by a linear or exponential correlation between incident heat flux and radial distance. Society of Fire Protection Engineers proposes an exponential curve suitable for low fire load. Eurocode 1 suggests a combination of linear and exponential curves, which is suitable for high fire loads. This article discusses the feasibility of dimensional reduction for heat transfer analysis in structures subjected to realistic fires. The work has been presented to accurately estimate the error introduced by dimensional reduction under highly varying localised heat flux representative of the most non-uniform fire conditions in a building compartment. It is shown that beams and slabs can be adequately modelled with lower dimensional heat transfer analysis for most of the localised fire action.

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Section: Localised Fire Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Localised Fire Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feasibility of dimensionally reduced heat transfer analysis for structural members subjected to localised fire

Jiang

Chen

Usmani

2018

Advances in Structural Engineering

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“…However, real fire exposures are likely to result in non-uniform thermal exposures, particularly in larger spaces; assuming a uniform thermal exposure is therefore not always suitable [2]. Various research studies have investigated how to quantify non-uniform temperature distributions or heat fluxes experienced under localized fires (Wakamatsu [3,4], Ferraz [5], Bystrom [6], Hanus [7], NIST [8] and Tondini [9]). However, there is a paucity of experiments on the response of intumescent-protected steel structures subjected to localized fires.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental study of the behavior of intumescent coatings under localized fires

Wang

et al. 2020

Fire Safety Journal

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This paper presents an experimental study of the behavior of intumescent coatings exposed to localized fires. The main objective is to assess the extent to which thermal properties of intumescent coatings obtained under uniform heating can be applied for localized fire exposures. The experiments used two types of specimens representing protected steel beams and columns.Localized pool fires were placed underneath horizontal specimens or beside vertical specimens.Solvent-based and waterborne intumescent coatings were applied to the specimens. Measurements were made of temperatures of the steel specimens and the adjacent gas phase, as was coating expanded thicknesses at several locations. Depending on their location relative to fires, the intumescent coatings were variably unreacted, melted, partially expanded, or fully expanded (corresponding to steel temperatures of about less than 100℃, 100-300℃, 300-400℃, and above 400℃, respectively). The appearances and expansion ratios for various regions of coatings under localized fires were consistent with those under uniform heating from previously obtained furnace test results. Steel temperatures of the specimens were calculated using thermal conductivities of coatings derived from furnace tests, and were found to agree reasonably with the experimental results, thus indicating that it may be feasible to apply thermal conductivities derived from furnace tests to predict steel temperatures under localized heating scenarios.

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“…The temperature rise of steel by radiation heating which is picked up in this paper has been studied by Wakamatsu (Takao) [7][8][9][10]. Moreover, local heating impact on steel beam members was studied by Wakamatsu (Takashi) [11], and as the latest example, temperature properties of square steel pipe upon local heating was examined by Kamikawa et al [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Three-Dimensional Heat Flow Analysis Model of Steel Structural Members upon Fire Exposure-Prediction of Temperature Properties of Exterior Steel Structural Members Exposed to Fire-

Wakamatsu

Mizuno

Tanaka

2004

Fire Science and Technology

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Steel is often used as an assembly of main structure such as columns and beams on external walls of buildings. Such steel structural members lose their structural function when the temperature of the steel rises due to spouting hot gas or radiation heating via openings, such as windows, upon fire in a neighboring compartment. This paper presents a calculation model for predicting temperature properties of steel structural members upon fire heating and proposes it as a practical tool for evaluation of fire resistance. Establishing a model of three-dimensional heat flow analysis is focused on considering a heat flow toward an axis of a member. Spouting hot gas and radiation heating through openings are taken into consideration as a heat source upon modeling. Firstly, spouting hot gas properties and radiation heating through openings were formulated in order to model their heating impact on temperature of members. Then a model of three-dimensional heat flow analysis (the model of calculating temperature), involving these results as main components, was created. This model also helps the practical prediction of temperature properties of steel structural members that local heating brings about.

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Heating Mechanism Of Unprotect4ed Steel Beam Installed Beneath Ceiling And Exposed To A Localized Fire: Verification Using The Real-scale Experiment And Effects Of The Smoke Layer

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Feasibility of dimensionally reduced heat transfer analysis for structural members subjected to localised fire

Feasibility of dimensionally reduced heat transfer analysis for structural members subjected to localised fire

An experimental study of the behavior of intumescent coatings under localized fires

A Three-Dimensional Heat Flow Analysis Model of Steel Structural Members upon Fire Exposure-Prediction of Temperature Properties of Exterior Steel Structural Members Exposed to Fire-

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