Heavy Alcohol Consumption Effects on Blood Pressure and on Kidney Structure Persist After Long-Term Withdrawal

Leal, Sandra; Jorge, Dinis-Oliveira Ricardo; Barbosa, Joana; Silva, Susana Maria; Isabel, Sá Susana

doi:10.1159/000482022

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…As for the kidney damage caused by alcohol, some studies discovered that the patients’ renal function recovered after abstinence [1]. However, others also found that abstinence cannot completely repair the kidney injury [26]. Unfortunately, existing clinical studies have not analyzed why some patients with CKD give up drinking and the influence of giving up drinking on the prognosis of these patients.…”

Section: Special Benefits and Confounding Factors Of Alcohol Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol Consumption Can be a “Double-Edged Sword” for Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Fan

Yun

et al. 2019

Med Sci Monit

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Excessive drinking of alcohol is becoming a worldwide problem, and people have recognized that there exists a close relationship between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and alcohol consumption. However, there are many inconsistencies between experimental and clinical studies on alcohol consumption and kidney damage. The possible reason for this contradictory conclusion is the complex drinking pattern of humans and some bioactivators in wine. In addition, the design itself of the clinical studies can also produce conflicting interpretations of the results. Considering the benefits of light-to-moderate alcohol consumption, we recommend that CKD patients continue light-to-moderate drinking, which is beneficial to them. Because alcohol consumption can lead to adverse events, we do not advise non-drinkers to start to drink. Although light-to-moderate alcohol consumption may not pose a risk to patients with CKD, the patients’ condition needs to be considered. Consumption of even small amounts of alcohol can be associated with increased death risk. Additional clinical and experimental studies are needed to clarify the effect of alcohol on the kidneys and alcohol consumption on CKD patients.

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Section: Special Benefits and Confounding Factors Of Alcohol Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol Consumption Can be a “Double-Edged Sword” for Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Fan

Yun

et al. 2019

Med Sci Monit

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“…Leal et al found that heavy alcohol consumption led to renal atrophy in rats. The finding was not reversible even after long-term withdrawal [21]. Any cause of renal disease may lead to hypertension.…”

Section: Secondary Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Hypertension and Alcohol: A Mechanistic Approach

Okojie

Javed

Chiwome

et al. 2020

Cureus

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Hypertension is a global public health challenge and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Alcohol is one of the most frequently abused substances around the world. The financial implications of treating hypertension are also significant. Developing successful strategies to prevent hypertension may be as important, if not more important, than managing the disease once it arises. In this review we assess the relationship between alcohol use and hypertension development. We have searched the available literature using the PubMed database and identified studies that discussed the relationship between alcohol use and either primary or any of the common causes of secondary hypertension. We found that heavy alcohol use was almost invariably associated with increased risk of developing primary hypertension, regardless of the age or gender of the participants. The relationship between low or moderate alcohol use and hypertension is less clear and some evidence even points towards possible protective effects. The pathophysiology behind the association is incompletely understood and a number of mechanisms have been proposed. Heavy alcohol use also increases the risk of insulin resistance and obstructive sleep apnea, known causes of secondary hypertension. It has also been linked to a state of hypercortisolism, sometimes called pseudo-Cushing state. Moderate alcohol consumption may be protective against diabetes and hyperthyroidism associated with Graves' disease. Overall, public health efforts should address the issue of heavy alcohol use. There does not appear to be enough evidence to recommend abstinence to those consuming low amounts of alcohol with the aim of protecting against hypertension. We believe that the current understanding of the issue is insufficient and that more both basic science and clinical research needs to be done.

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“…The multiple mechanisms through which AUD may leave patients vulnerable to AKI include oxidative stress on the kidney, which metabolizes roughly 10% of consumed ethanol [35]. Alcohol induces production of free radicals [36][37][38][39][40] and also decreases antioxidant capabilities of enzymes in the kidney [41][42][43]. In a recent comprehensive review on clinical studies looking at links between CKD and alcohol consumption, Fan et al (2019) concluded that light-to moderate drinking may not have adverse effects on patients with CKD [44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality, disease progression, and disease burden of acute kidney injury in alcohol use disorder subpopulation

Green‐Saxena

Maharjan

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Objective: The objective of this study is to quantify the relationship between acute kidney injury (AKI) and alcohol use disorder (AUD), in terms of disease burden, mortality burden and disease progression. Methods: We used the University of California, San Francisco Medical Center in San Francisco, CA (UCSF) and Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-III) databases to quantify AKI disease and mortality burden as well as AKI disease progression in the AUD and non-AUD subpopulations. We used the MIMIC-III dataset to compare two different methods of encoding AKI: ICD-9 codes, and the 2012 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes scheme (KDIGO). In addition to the AUD subpopulation (defined by AUD-related ICD-9 codes), we also present analysis for the hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) and alcohol-related cirrhosis subpopulations identified via ICD-9 coding. Results: In both the ICD-9 and KDIGO encodings of AKI, the AUD subpopulation had a higher prevalence of AKI (ICD-9: 48.59% vs. 29.99% AKI in the non-AUD subpopulations; KDIGO: 39.84% vs. 27.99%) in the MIMIC-III dataset. In the UCSF dataset, the AUD subpopulation also had a higher prevalence of AKI than the non-AUD subpopulation (ICD-9: 48.60% vs. 8.45%). The mortality rate of the subpopulation with both AKI and an AUD-related condition (AUD, HRS, or alcohol-related cirrhosis) was consistently higher than that of the subpopulation with only AKI in both datasets after adjusting for disease severity using two methods of severity estimation in the MIMIC-III dataset. Disease progression rates were similar for AUD and non-AUD subpopulations. Conclusions: Our work using the UCSF multi-ward academic hospital data and the MIMIC-III ICU dataset shows that the AUD patient subpopulation had a higher number of AKI patients than the non-AUD subpopulation, and that patients with both AKI and either AUD, HRS, or alcohol-related cirrhosis were shown to have higher rates of mortality than the non-AUD subpopulation with AKI. Trial Registration: Not applicable.

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Heavy Alcohol Consumption Effects on Blood Pressure and on Kidney Structure Persist After Long-Term Withdrawal

Cited by 24 publications

References 46 publications

Alcohol Consumption Can be a “Double-Edged Sword” for Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Alcohol Consumption Can be a “Double-Edged Sword” for Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Hypertension and Alcohol: A Mechanistic Approach

Mortality, disease progression, and disease burden of acute kidney injury in alcohol use disorder subpopulation

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