Heavy-Flavour Jets in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions

Wang, Sa; Dai, Wei; Wang, Enke; Wang, Xin‐Nian; Zhang, Ben-Wei

doi:10.3390/sym15030727

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 229 publications

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“…This mass effect has been analyzed in gauge theory models such as QED and QCD [24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Besides, many studies have been devoted to quantifying the dead cone effect in heavy-ion and electron-ion collisions [18,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass suppression effect in QCD radiation and hadron angular distribution in jet*

Jiang 蒋,

Li 李,

Li 李

et al. 2024

Chinese Phys. C

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The finite mass of the heavy quark suppresses the collimated radiations, which is generally referred to as the dead cone effect. In this paper, we study the distribution of hadron multiplicity over the hadron opening angle with respect to the jet axis in various flavors of jets. The corresponding measurement can be the most straightforward and simplest to explore the dynamical evolution of the radiations in the corresponding jet, which can expose the mass effect. We also propose the transverse energy-weighted angular distribution which sheds light on the interplay between perturbative and nonperturbative effects in the radiation. With Monte-Carlo simulations, our calculation shows that the dead cone effect can be clearly seen by taking the ratio between the b jet and the light-quark (inclusive) jet, promising to be measured at the LHC in the future. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Article funded by SCOAP3 and published under licence by Chinese Physical Society and the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Science and the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and IOP Publishing Ltd.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass suppression effect in QCD radiation and hadron angular distribution in jet*

Jiang 蒋,

Li 李,

Li 李

et al. 2024

Chinese Phys. C

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“…Several adaptations of the Tsallis function have been equally successful in accurately characterizing the p T distributions of end-state hadrons in proton-proton collisions, encompassing the entire range of available p T values observed in experiments at both the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) [17][18][19][20]. Various transverse flow models have been integrated with Tsallis statistics to elucidate the p T distributions of hadrons in nuclear collisions at both RHIC and LHC [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. We employed the Tsallis formula with and without an intrinsic flow velocity to deduce the kinetic freeze-out temperature, transverse expansion velocity, and non-extensive parameter [13,24,25,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiplicity Dependence of the Freeze-Out Parameters in Symmetric and Asymmetric Nuclear Collisions at Large Hadron Collider Energies

Ajaz,

Haj Ismail,

Waqas

et al. 2023

Symmetry

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Strange hadron transverse momentum spectra are analyzed in symmetric pp and PbPb and asymmetric pPb collision systems for their dependence on rapidity and event charged-particle multiplicity. The thermodynamically consistent Tsallis models with and without flow velocity are used to reproduce the experimental data, extracting the freeze-out parameters to gain insights into the underlying physics of the collision processes by looking into the parameters change with different multiplicities, particle types, and collision geometries. We found that with an increase in the event multiplicity, the average transverse flow velocity, effective, and kinetic freezeout temperatures increase, with heavier strange particle species exhibiting a more significant increase. The value of the non-extensivity parameter decreases with an increase in the multiplicity of the particles. For heavier particles, larger Teff and T0 and smaller q have been observed, confirming the quick thermalization and equilibrium for massive particles. Furthermore, the differences in parameter values for particle species are more significant in pp and pPb collisions than in PbPb collisions. In addition, in symmetric pp and PbPb collisions, parameter values (q,T0,βT) show more significant shifts for heavier particles compared to the lighter ones. In contrast, in asymmetric pPb collisions, both heavier and lighter particles display uniform linear progression.

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“…Let the partonic hard process producing the quark of our interest, a heavy quark 𝑄, be 𝑖 + 𝑗 → 𝑄 + 𝑋 and the corresponding partonic cross section be 𝑑 σ 𝑖𝑗→𝑄+𝑋 . Based on the factorization theorem [34], the cross section of heavy quarks 𝑄 is given by…”

Section: Perturbative Qcdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charm Jets

Mohanty

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How did the Universe begin? The Big Bang theory states that the Universe was not the same stars and planets as we see today, but just a very hot liquid called the quark–gluon plasma (QGP) then. Now, what is this liquid and how does it behave? The theory of the strong nuclear force, quantum chromodynamics (QCD), predicts that the quarks and gluons in nuclear matter can deconfine into the QGP when sufficiently high energy densities are reached. The research presented in this thesis is an attempt at furthering our knowledge of strong interactions and the QGP. In ultrarelativistic collisions of protons and heavy ions, quarks and gluons interact with each other and are sometimes scattered to large angles in so-called hard scatterings, and through the process of hadronization, they combine and reorganize themselves to form hadrons, which tend to travel close to each other in narrow tight cones called jets. Jets are a means to understand the original partons. Jets are important to heavy-ion physics because when one of the two back-to-back jets goes through the QGP, it can get quenched and thus lose significant energy. Measuring jets also provides a lens to look into the properties of the astonishingly hot and dense soup of QGP. Unlike light quarks, the heavy quarks (charm and beauty) are mostly produced in high-energy collisions. They either hadronize or decay into lighter quarks which ultimately hadronize. Heavy-flavour jets, which consist of hadrons containing heavy quarks, can provide valuable insights into the behaviour of heavy quarks. Jets can help us better understand perturbative QCD as well as investigate the properties of the QGP by observing energy loss if heavy quarks interact with it. Charm jets are the chosen investigation tool in this thesis. A charm jet was reconstructed by clustering charged particles and a D0 meson (the lightest hadron containing charm quarks) using the anti-kT algorithm. Three analyses were done for charm jets at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair 5.02 TeV. The production cross section of charm jets in pp and p–Pb collisions were measured along with nuclear modification in p–Pb collisions in reference to pp collisions. The fragmentation function of charm jets in pp collisions was also reported by looking into the jet momentum carried by its constituent D0 meson. The LO model with Colour Reconnection and soft processes provides the best description of cross section and fragmentation distribution of charm jets in pp collisions as compared to the LO model with hard processes only. The parton distribution function (PDF) for the proton was obtained from the LHAPDF 6 interpolator with the PDF set CT10nlo, while the nuclear PDF inside a lead ion was taken from EPS09nlo. All measurements in pp and p–Pb collisions agree to NLO theoretical predictions within the uncertainties. Also, the nuclear modification factor RpPb was found to conform to unity indicating an absence of large modifications in the initial parton distributions and an absence of final-state effects on charm-jet production in the measured kinematic region.

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Heavy-Flavour Jets in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions

Cited by 4 publications

References 229 publications

Mass suppression effect in QCD radiation and hadron angular distribution in jet*

Mass suppression effect in QCD radiation and hadron angular distribution in jet*

Multiplicity Dependence of the Freeze-Out Parameters in Symmetric and Asymmetric Nuclear Collisions at Large Hadron Collider Energies

Charm Jets

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