Heavy metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Ebrié lagoon sediments, Côte d’Ivoire

Abstract

Surface sediments throughout Ebrié lagoon, Côte d'Ivoire were collected in 2001 and analyzed for their heavy metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) contaminant content. Geochemical maps of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn) in the surface sediment were produced based on geographical information system (GIS) technology. Heavy metals and PAH were detected at high concentration and provide evidence for several anthropogenic inputs to the lagoon. A significant spatial relationship was found for Fe, Zn, and Cu in the sediment using a GIS-based analysis, suggesting that these metal contaminants in the sediments of the Biétri bay had common sources.

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Surface Sediments of Two Polluted Lagoons in Saudi Arabia

“…Comparing total PAH levels, the present concentration ranges were comparable with Etang de Thau, France [48], and Johnston Atoll in the USA [49]. Whereas the concentrations are far below the levels reported in Patos and Rodrigo de la Freita lagoons [43][44], Ebrie lagoon in Cote d'Ivoire [50], and Italy's Pialassa Baiona and Stagnone lagoons [41][42]. Moreover, the range of PAH concentrations found in the present study was around 100 orders magnitude higher than Italy's Lesina and Varano lagoons [51], and coastal lagoons in Mexico and Morocco [46,52]; 30 orders of magnitude higher than Italy's Santa Giusta and Orbatello lagoons [51], and Spain's Mar Menor lagoon [53]; and 25, 20, 18, 9, 7, 5, and 5 magnitudes higher than Skongalon and Skogar lagoons in Iceland [54], Venice [45], Bizerte [55], Italy's Marano and Grado lagoons [56], Berre in France [57], Yuandang in China [58], and Cotonou in Benin [59], respectively.…”

“…The main sources of PAHs in Al-Arbeen and Al-Shabab were atmospheric deposition due to vehicle traffi c and municipal sewage. As shown in Table 4, industrial activities [41,43,45,50,55,57] along with municipal and urban runoff [51-52, 55, 57] contributed the dominant sources to PAH pollution in world lagoons. Moreover, agricultural runoff [46,51], aquaculture [42,46,52,60], petroleum spill, boat traffi c [44,52,59] and motor vehicles [44][45]58] also had considerable input.…”

A review of the human activities impacting cetaceans in the eastern tropical Atlantic

“…For example, agricultural run‐off around Abidjan in Côte d'Ivoire causes year‐round eutrophication and frequent drops in oxygen levels that result in mass fish kills (Affian et al. ).…”

Taxonomic diversity and structure of the molluscan fauna in Oualidia lagoon (Moroccan Atlantic coast)

“…However, these ecosystems are naturally vulnerable and their ecological balance can rapidly change under the influence of natural or anthropogenic factors (Affian et al 2009;Mhamdi Alaoui et al 2010;Maanan et al 2013;Maanan et al 2015;Zidane et al 2008). Molluscan fauna communities are species of benthic macrofauna that are important food sources for economically important fish and shellfish species in most aquatic environments where they are the major secondary producers (Ajao and Fagade 2002).…”