Heavy metal characteristics and health risk assessment of PM2.5 in students’ dormitories in a university in Nanjing, China

Wang, Fang; Juan, Wang; Han, Miaomiao; Jia, Chunqian; Zhou, Yuanyuan

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.106206

Cited by 51 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“… 17 Because of the harmful and toxic effects caused by heavy metals in urban areas, the determination of heavy metal concentrations in atmospheric PM and road dust and analysis of its associated health risks is essential. Similar studies have been done in India, 22 – 28 China, 29 – 33 and other parts of the world. 6 , 34 – 40…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Assessment of Pollution and Health Risks of Heavy Metals in Particulate Matter and Road Dust Along the Road Network of Dhanbad, India

Kumari

Jain

Elumalai

2021

Journal of Health and Pollution

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Background. The rise in particulate matter (PM) concentrations is a serious problem for the environment. Heavy metals associated with PM10, PM2.5, and road dust adversely affect human health. Different methods have been used to assess heavy metal contamination in PM10, PM2.5, and road dust and source apportionment of these heavy metals. These assessment tools utilize pollution indices and health risk assessment models. Objectives. The present study evaluates the total mass and average concentrations of heavy metals in PM10, PM2.5, and road dust along selected road networks in Dhanbad, India, analyzes the source apportionment of heavy metals, and assesses associated human health risks. Methods. A total of 112 PM samples and 21 road dust samples were collected from six stations and one background site in Dhanbad, India from December 2015 to February 2016, and were analyzed for heavy metals (iron (Fe), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), and zinc (Zn)) using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Source apportionment was determined using principal component analysis. A health risk assessment of heavy metal concentrations in PM10, PM2.5, and road dust was also performed. Results. The average mass concentration was found to be 229.54±118.40 μg m−3 for PM10 and 129.73 ±61.74 μg m−3 for PM2.5. The average concentration of heavy metals was found to be higher in PM2.5 than PM10. The pollution load index value of PM10 and PM2.5 road dust was found to be in the deteriorating category. Vehicles were the major source of pollution. The non-carcinogenic effects on children and adults were found to be within acceptable limits. The heavy metals present in PM and road dust posed a health risk in the order of road dust> PM10> and PM2.5. Particulate matter posed higher health risks than road dust due to particle size. Conclusions. The mass concentration analysis indicates serious PM10 and PM2.5 contamination in the study area. Vehicle traffic was the major source of heavy metals in PM10, PM2.5, and road dust. In terms of non-carcinogenic risks posed by heavy metals in the present study, children were more affected than adults. The carcinogenic risk posed by the heavy metals was negligible. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Assessment of Pollution and Health Risks of Heavy Metals in Particulate Matter and Road Dust Along the Road Network of Dhanbad, India

Kumari

Jain

Elumalai

2021

Journal of Health and Pollution

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“…In the study by Deng, the concentration of lead was obtained as around 215 ng/m 3 , which is similar to our study given its lower concentration compared to the standard [50]. Also, Wang obtained 133 ng/ m 3 [32]. Figure 7 displays the mean seasonal value of the sampling sites.…”

Section: Concentrations and Seasonal Variations Of Heavymetal Components In Pm25supporting

confidence: 84%

“…In addition, the pattern of exposure to environmental pollutants is a function of culture, age, and performance of citizens, and it is not logical to determine a single prescription for the allowable limits of exposure and to compare the extent of exposure of the people to the standard limits determined for other countries. This would cause lawmakers to deviate from their main goal which is maintaining the public health [32]. In risk assessment, the risk of carcinogenicity and non-carcinogenicity for humans through skin, respiration, and digestion can be considered.…”

Section: Health Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization, possible sources and health risk assessment of PM2.5-bound Heavy Metals in the most industrial city of Iran

Kermani

Jafari

Gholami

et al. 2021

J Environ Health Sci Engineer

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Air pollution associated with particulate matters results in different types of disease including allergy, lung destruction, heart failure, and related problems. This study has been designed and performed to examine the concentration of PM 2.5 -bound heavy metals, risk assessment, possible sources and effect of meteorological parameters on 17 sites of the air of the most industrial city of Iran (Karaj) in 2018-19. For this purpose, four samples were taken from every point of Karaj air over one year using a pump (Leland Legacy (SKC)) with flow rate of 3 L/min on PTFE filter for 24 h. Overall, 68 samples of PM 2.5 -bound heavy metals were collected. Note that during the sampling, atmospheric parameters including temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed were regularly recorded using PHB318 portable device. In examining the chemical composition of these particles, the concentration of metals (Al-Zn-Ar-Cd-Cr-Cu-Fe-Hg-Mn-Ni-Pb) was determined after digestion of the collected samples and through injection into ICP-OEC device. The results indicated that the mean annual concentration of PM 2.5 particles range from 21.84 to 72.75 µg/m 3 . The mean concentration of heavy metals lied within the range of 25.63 to 336.27 ng/m 3 . Among heavy metals, the maximum concentration belonged to aluminum (277.95 ng/m 3 ) and iron (336.27 ng/m 3 ), which are known as elements with a ground source (sources such as car fuels, exhaust gases, decorative materials, batteries, indoor smoking, the paint used for painting walls, erosion and corrosion of rubber of cars). Meanwhile, there was a positive relationship between heavy metals and temperature(r: 0.418, p < 0.019), pressure (r: 0.184, p < 0.0.402), as well as wind speed (r: 0.38, p < 0.017), while an inverse relationship was observed with relative humidity (r: -0.219, p < 0.018). The ecological risk of the metals calculated was very notable, with the maximum environmental risk being related to cadmium in children (6.61) and manganese in adults (0.82). The largest HQ in children and adults was associated with Cr. Finally, ILCR values for cadmium in both children (1.19 E-04) and adult (4.81 E-04) groups indicated high risk of developing cancer in humans.

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“…Among animal species, fishes are the inhabitants that cannot escape from the harmful effects of these ME pollutants (Banu et al, 2017;Oruko et al, 2020). Wang et al (2019) studied the health risk assessment of PM 2.5 in students' dormitories at a university in China and found that MEs in the dormitory comprised a mixture of coal combustion and emissions from industrial activities (71.21%), vehicle exhaust and traffic-related road dust (11.26%), and fugitive emissions ascribed to student activities (5.68%). They also found that PM 2.5 -related MEs caused a greater health risk to college students in the dormitory environment than in the outdoor environment.…”

Section: Variations In Metallic Elements Concentrations and Contributmentioning

confidence: 99%

Filterable PM2.5, Metallic Elements, and Organic Carbon Emissions from the Exhausts of Diesel Vehicles

Lin

Amesho

et al. 2020

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Urban air pollution in the form of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) poses a substantial health threat to humans via inhalation. To assess the risks from this pollutant, we characterized and quantified the PM 2.5 exhausted by 15 diesel vehicles ranging from 28,306 to 883,374 km (an average of 525,854 km) in total mileage and varying in manufacturer and model year (1988-2005). We applied inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) to analyze the metallic element constituents, among which Ca composed the largest fraction, followed by Zn, Al, K, Fe, Mg, and Cr. Measuring the carbonaceous content, we found that the total carbon (TC), the organic carbon (OC), and the elemental carbon (EC) accounted for 3461 µg m-3 , 1410 µg m-3 , and 2051 µg m-3 of the PM 2.5 concentration, respectively. Of the metallic elements, Ca exhibited the highest emission factor (EF), between 45.3 and 259 µg L-fuel-1 (with an average of 132 µg L-fuel-1), whereas Zn and Cr displayed the lowest ones, averaging 13.1 µg L-fuel-1 and 1.91 µg L-fuel-1 , respectively. We also investigated the relationship between the concentrations and the EFs of the metallic elements in the exhaust, and the ambient PM 2.5 composition. These results help illustrate the contribution of PM 2.5 emitted by diesel vehicles to metallic element concentrations in the natural environment and the consequent risks.

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Heavy metal characteristics and health risk assessment of PM2.5 in students’ dormitories in a university in Nanjing, China

Cited by 51 publications

References 39 publications

Assessment of Pollution and Health Risks of Heavy Metals in Particulate Matter and Road Dust Along the Road Network of Dhanbad, India

Assessment of Pollution and Health Risks of Heavy Metals in Particulate Matter and Road Dust Along the Road Network of Dhanbad, India

Characterization, possible sources and health risk assessment of PM2.5-bound Heavy Metals in the most industrial city of Iran

Filterable PM2.5, Metallic Elements, and Organic Carbon Emissions from the Exhausts of Diesel Vehicles

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