Heavy Metal Contents in the Soil and Leaves of Different Vegetables in Lagos State, Nigeria

Ogundele, F. O.; Iwara, A.I.; Jeremiah, Chidinma Joy

doi:10.3923/ajaps.2019.108.113

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…It further revealed that Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd) Cobalt (Co) Phosphorus (P) and Nickel (Ni) were within permissible limits as recommended by World Health Organization. This study conformsto other several studies [4,6,7,23,31,[37][38][39]. All these studies found out that most of the vegetables consumed in Lagos and other parts of the world are safe for consumption.…”

Section: Mineral and Heavy Metal Analyses Of Four Vegetables Commonly...supporting

confidence: 92%

Assessment of the Heavy Metals’ Levels, Phytochemical Profiles, Mineral and Proximate Compositions of Four Commonly Consumed Vegetables in Lagos State, Nigeria

Opeolu¹,

Lawrence²,

Olamide³

2022

IJEE

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Safety of the environments (land, air and water) including plants and animals inhabiting it is a concern for many ecologists nowadays and this is due to human ecosystems' exploration. Thus, this study aimed at assessing the heavy metals' levels, phytochemical profiles, mineral and proximate compositions of four commonly consumed vegetables in Lagos State. Leaves of Vernonia amygdalina, Telfairia occidentalis, Gnetum africanum and Parquetina nigrescens were obtained in some major markets in Lagos State; the leaves of the vegetables were subjected to laboratory analysis for the determination of phytochemical, mineral, proximate and heavy metals' concentrations using standard procedures. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). Proximate analysis revealed appreciable amount of protein, carbohydrate, fat, moisture and ash contents in the vegetables. The phytochemical profiling revealed the presence of some vital secondary metabolites viz: tannins, phenols, saponins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, steroid, phlobatanin, alkaloid and sugar except terpenoids within the four vegetables sampled. However, it was observed that T. occidentalis lack saponins; P. nigrescens contain no tannins and phenols while, G. africanum show no steroids and phlobatannins. Also, the analysis of metals revealed the range of minerals-K (27.51-68.09mg/100g), Mg (25.68-27.60mg/100g), Mn (0.31-1.06mg/100g), Zn (0.45-1.42mg/100g), Fe (2.20-6.65mg/100g), P (1.10-1.19mg/100g) and Na (1.36-2.15mg/100g) and heavy metals-Pb (0.10-0.28mg/100g), Ag (0.04-0.57mg/100g), Cd (.01-0.90mg/100g), Cu (2.95-3.35mg/100g), Cr (0.075-2.60mg/100g), Co (0.45-0.95mg/100g) and Ni (1.16-2.60mg/100g) and all these elements were within or below the World Health Organization's permissible limits for toxicity. Hence, these four vegetables commonly consumed in Lagos are good and toxic free for consumption and continuous check on the consumed vegetables in Lagos to avoid toxicity since it's a mega city with industrialization is recommended.

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Section: Mineral and Heavy Metal Analyses Of Four Vegetables Commonly...supporting

confidence: 92%

Assessment of the Heavy Metals’ Levels, Phytochemical Profiles, Mineral and Proximate Compositions of Four Commonly Consumed Vegetables in Lagos State, Nigeria

Opeolu¹,

Lawrence²,

Olamide³

2022

IJEE

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“…The TF values obtained from studied bitter leaf showed indications of poor accumulation of heavy metals in leaves of the bitter leaf, suggesting affinity of metal to the soil colloids, hence preventing bitter leaf from entry into the metals [77,81]. The relatively low TF result obtained for bitter leaf in this study is consistent with earlier finding by Ogundele et al [77], for most plants species. Similarly, Ni and Fe are plant essential elements, and most plants have the potential to keep them [82].…”

Section: Transfer Factor (Tf)supporting

confidence: 90%

“…The TF for Fe in the bitter leaf was in the range of 0.045 to 0.092 mg kg -1 but was highest in station U (0.92) and least in R (0.45); TF for Pb was of 0.05 to 0.39 mg kg -1 range but was highest for U (0.39) and least in R (0.05); Cd ranged from 0.29 to 0.45 but highest in R (0.45) and least in U (0.29); Cr ranged from 0.51 to 0.83 mg kg -1 but highest in R (0.83) and least in U (0.51); and Ni was ranged 0.08-0.54, where U (0.54) was highest and I (0.08) recorded the least. The TF results showed Fe and Cr were more variable and higher, in tandem with those earlier observed in soils and leaves of bitter leaf in Lagos, Nigeria [13,77]. According to Kumar et al [78], high values TF indicate low retention capacity.…”

Section: Transfer Factor (Tf)supporting

confidence: 75%

“…Similarly, TF above 1 indicates hyper-accumulation, especially in soils, according to Eze and Ekanem [79], but values of 0.1 indicated that plant was excluding metals from its tissues, while the TF values of 0.2 indicated the probability of metal contamination by anthropogenic activities [80]. The TF values obtained from studied bitter leaf showed indications of poor accumulation of heavy metals in leaves of the bitter leaf, suggesting affinity of metal to the soil colloids, hence preventing bitter leaf from entry into the metals [77,81]. The relatively low TF result obtained for bitter leaf in this study is consistent with earlier finding by Ogundele et al [77], for most plants species.…”

Section: Transfer Factor (Tf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soils and Plant (Vernonia amygdalina Delile) in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Nigeria

2021

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This study assessed the concentration of heavy metal, such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), Nickel (Ni), and Silver (Ag), in Vernonia amygdalina Delile and agricultural soils of three university farms located in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The soils and plants were taken randomly to form composite samples and analyzed for heavy metals by the use of atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The study stations were agricultural soils and Vernonia amygdalina Delile from the Ignatius Ajuru University of Education (I), River State University (R) and University of Port Harcourt (U). The soil samples recorded mean concentration ranges for Fe as 19.71 ± 1.77 (I)–27.24 ± 3.56 mg/kg (R) in soils and 12.95 ± 1.68 (R)–18.18 ± 2.02 mg/kg (U) for the bitter leaf samples. The mean range for Pb concentration in the soil and bitter leaf were 4.35 ± 0.87–6.80 ± 0.86 mg/kg and 0.24 ± 0.64–2.19 ± 0.74 mg/kg, while Cd concentration in the soil and bitter leaf were 0.46 ± 0.28–1.42 ± 0.40 mg/kg and 0.17 ± 0.22–0.42 ± 0.08 mg/kg, respectively. The respective mean ranges for Cr concentration in the soil and bitter leaf were 5.91 ± 1.14–8.77 ± 0.88 mg/kg and 4.04 ± 0.64–5.92 ± 0.69 mg/kg, while Ni in soil and bitter leaf were 0.54 ± 3.38–10.26 ± 3.50 mg/kg and 0.042 ± 1.42–3.30 ± 0.88 mg/kg, while Ag was negligible. Heavy metal levels in soils and Vernonia amygdalina followed the order Fe > Cr > Pb > Ni > Cd and Fe > Cr > Ni > Pb > Cd, respectively, and were lower than WHO/FAO and EPA, except Cd, which was higher in soil and in Vernonia amygdalina. The ecological risk factor (ErF) was comparatively lower in soils than in the plant, while pollution load index (PLI) showed high heavy metal retention capacities in Vernonia amygdalina due to more anthropogenic influences. The metal transfer factor (TF) was highest in Fe, followed by Cr > Cd > Ni > Pb, while Pb had the highest chances of cancer risks from the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR), especially in both soil and plant (mean ILCR, 2.07 × 10−2 and 2.45 × 10−3), while Cd had the least (mean ILCR, 9.64 × 10−5 and 3.36 × 10−5). Anthropogenic activities must be regulated and monitored by government relevant agencies to reduce heavy metal inputs into soils and avoid excessive accruals in food chain.

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“…BAF that is above unity indicates hyper-accumulation ( Eze and Ekenem, 2014 ), but values of 0.1 showed exclusion of toxic metals from plant tissues whereas values of 0.2 proved soil traced metals contaminations by anthropogenic processes ( Khan et al., 2009 ). The BAF values obtained in this study showed high accumulation of toxicants in the leaves which signifying poor affinity of metal and metalloid to the soil colloids ( Ogundele et al., 2019 ; Wang et al., 2012 ). The PTEs buildup in vegetable in five communities followed the order: Se > Pb > As > Cr.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Pollution status, health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in soil and their uptake by gongronema latifolium in peri-urban of Ora-Eri, south-eastern Nigeria

Mmaduakor

Umeh

Morah

et al. 2022

Heliyon

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Heavy Metal Contents in the Soil and Leaves of Different Vegetables in Lagos State, Nigeria

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Assessment of the Heavy Metals’ Levels, Phytochemical Profiles, Mineral and Proximate Compositions of Four Commonly Consumed Vegetables in Lagos State, Nigeria

Assessment of the Heavy Metals’ Levels, Phytochemical Profiles, Mineral and Proximate Compositions of Four Commonly Consumed Vegetables in Lagos State, Nigeria

Assessment of Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soils and Plant (Vernonia amygdalina Delile) in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Nigeria

Pollution status, health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in soil and their uptake by gongronema latifolium in peri-urban of Ora-Eri, south-eastern Nigeria

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