Heavy metal in drinking water its effect on human health and its treatment techniques – a review

Abstract

In human life, the dispute related to drinking water pollution is increasing day by day. In this article we discussed the contamination of drinking water with heavy metals. Heavy metals are a metallic element that has a relatively high density, specific gravity, or atomic weight and has toxic effects. Generally, humans are more likely to be exposed to heavy metals through water consumption and thus bioaccumulation of toxic metals takes place in the human body. Which causes serious human health hazards and may induce cancer and other risks. The main sources for drinking water pollution are improper dumping of domestic and industrial wastes. The writing purpose of this review article is to increase the awareness about heavy metal and its high concentration effect on living things. Point out many diseases that causes, due to the high concentration of heavy metal in drinking water, also point out the reason of why heavy metal concentration increasing in water. Many water treatment technique has also been discussed in this paper, all these treatments that helps to remove excess amount of heavy metal in drinking water. The data presented in this review have been taken out from different published studies. Water is the basic need of life. In short "healthy water gives the healthy life".

Estmaition of Heavy Metals in the Groundwater of Selected Areas From Al-Dhalia District, Al-Dhalia Gov., Yemen

“…Cadmium level varies from 0.0014 to 0.0049 mg/L in four locations (25% of the samples analyzed), which are above the WHO maximum admissible limit of Cd in drinking water (0.003 mg/L) [15], but all the samples analyzed were found to comply the maximum admissible limits (0.005 mg/L) for Yemeni specifications [16] (Tables 3&4). Cadmium is a natural element in the earth's crust. An acute exposure to significantly higher cadmium levels can lead to a variety of negative health effects including Diarrhea, Vomiting, fever, lungs damage, muscle pain [17,18].…”

“…Manganese occurs naturally in many food sources, and the greatest exposure to manganese is usually from food [15]. Manganese is a mineral that naturally occurs in rocks and soil, but human activities are much responsible for underground water pollution by this element [17].There are some places in study area where the concentration of manganese found higher than the WHO allowed limit (0.4mg/L) [15].…”

Evaluation of Pb, Mg, Al, Zn, and Cu as Electrode Materials in the Electrocoagulation of Microalgae

“…Furthermore, to enable cost-effective electrode material selection and electrode replacement planning, the rate of electrode material consumption must be understood. Into the bargain, high levels of metal content in drinking water have been linked to the development of illnesses such as skin irritations, digestive problems, and cancers [16]. Therefore, the metal content in the effluent must be determined to identify appropriate methods for treatment and safe disposal of the effluent.…”

‘Honeytrapping’ Pseudomonas From Water: A Sustainable Prototype For Water Disinfection

“…Consumption of contaminated water affects the health of approximately 1.8 billion people all over the world. Bioaccumulation of non-degradable contaminants has aggravated the intensity and propensity of fatal diseases (Jamshaid et al, 2018). Potability of water is decided by the physicochemical and biological parameters according to World Health Organization (WHO) (Galal-Gorchev, 1993;Van Leeuwen, 2000), Environment Protection Agency (EPA) (Oberdiek, 2007), Environment Quality Standard (EQS) (Gobelius et al, 2018).…”