“…Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) have been suggested to be a promising technology in reductive degradation or transformation of diverse contaminants, including nitroaromatics (Mu et al, 2009b;Wang et al, 2011), azo dyes (Cui et al, 2016a(Cui et al, , 2016c, halogenated compound (Kong et al, 2015;Liang et al, 2013), heavy metals (Huang et al, 2014;Luo et al, 2014), nitrate (Pous et al, 2014), etc. Although superior performance of BES compared to the traditional biological processes were extensively reported in these contaminants, this technology is still far away from the practice as most of the existed studies were performed at lab scale and under ideal conditions, such as strong buffered system, sufficient electron donors and excellent conductivity.…”