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Resistance development is a key part in pest management; Experimental trials included five conventional insecticides; Mospilan, Imidor (Neonicotinoid), Actellic (Organophosphate), Chess (Azomethine pyridines) and Aphox (Carbamate) to investigate their toxicity against both field and laboratory strains of Aphis craccivora Koch. The potency levels of the ongoing insecticides against the A. craccivora were 1.29, 1.43, 1.75, 1.97, 2.75 folds in laboratory strain more than that of field strain respectively. Thus, results showed that the field strain was more resistant for all compounds than that of laboratory strain. On the other hand, the results of the biochemical aspects of detoxification enzymes; Mixed Function Oxidase (MFO), Glutathione-S-transferases (GST), α and β-esterases demonstrated that, all tested insecticides induced impact on these detoxifying enzymes in both laboratory and field strain of A. craccivora. Within a column, same letter mean no significant differences at 0.05 level of probability Within a column, different letters mean significant differences at 0.05 level of probability

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Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are increasingly attracting attention as a sustainable technology as they convert chemical energy in organic pollutants to renewable electricity. Anthracene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) that presents a high pollution and health risk. In this study, anthracene degradation with electricity production in Single – chamber air cathode MFC was investigated with respect to values of its biodegradation and MFC performance using different inocula combinations (Anaerobic sludge (AS), Pseudomonas putida (PP), Geobacter sulfurreducens (GS), Shewanella putrefaciens(SP), mixed cultures, and combinations thereof). All the inocula showed high potentials for anthracene degradation efficiency and power density, ranged 41 – 98 % within 120 – 216h and 110.08 – 156.06 mW/m2, respectively. The best overall performing inoculum was anaerobic sludge supplemented with P. putida (AS+PP), having a degradation rate, degradation efficiency, COD removal, maximum power density and coulombic efficiency of 38 μM/d, 98 %, 83 %, 156.06 mW/m2 and 21, respectively. Effect of initial anthracene concentration was also investigated. Results indicated that increasing of initial anthracene concentration to 40 mg/L has a positive effect on both the anthracene degradation rate and the power density by 79 and 83.93 %, respectively, which attained by the best inoculum AS+PP (degradation rate of 41 μM/d and a maximum power density of 287.04 mW/m2).This study highlights the possibility of using MFCs technology to generate renewable electricity and achieve high degradation rates of anthracene simultaneously, through co-metabolism.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(2): 151-161 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i2.12731

Fungus of Mucorindicus CBS 226.29 ET, in this study was used to synthesize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Synthesis of nanoparticles by microorganisms may offer an environmentally friendly and affordable alternative to traditional physical and chemical methods. The microbial synthesis of nanoparticles is an approach based on green chemistry which mutually connects microbial biotechnology and nanotechnology. A surface level plasmon resonance peak was observed at 500 nm by UV-bis spectra of AuNPs. Images of AuNP via transmission electron microscope exhibited various shapes and dispersibility characteristics. The synthesis of AuNPs were optimum at the conditions 1.5 mM/L of HAuCl4, 0.6 g biomass and pH range 7-11. The decolorization of different azo dyes was catalyzed efficiently with the bio-AuNPs and a new microbial resource candidate was thus demonstrated for these AuNPs through green synthesis, along with a potential bio-AuNP application for decolorization of azo dyes.