TOXICITY AND BIOCHEMICAL EFFICACY OF NOVEL PESTICIDES AGAINST Aphis craccivora Koch (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE) IN RELATION TO ENZYMES ACTIVITY

Abstract

Resistance development is a key part in pest management; Experimental trials included five conventional insecticides; Mospilan, Imidor (Neonicotinoid), Actellic (Organophosphate), Chess (Azomethine pyridines) and Aphox (Carbamate) to investigate their toxicity against both field and laboratory strains of Aphis craccivora Koch. The potency levels of the ongoing insecticides against the A. craccivora were 1.29, 1.43, 1.75, 1.97, 2.75 folds in laboratory strain more than that of field strain respectively. Thus, results showed that the field strain was more resistant for all compounds than that of laboratory strain. On the other hand, the results of the biochemical aspects of detoxification enzymes; Mixed Function Oxidase (MFO), Glutathione-S-transferases (GST), α and β-esterases demonstrated that, all tested insecticides induced impact on these detoxifying enzymes in both laboratory and field strain of A. craccivora. Within a column, same letter mean no significant differences at 0.05 level of probability Within a column, different letters mean significant differences at 0.05 level of probability

Spinasterol, 22,23-Dihydrospinasterol and Fernenol from Citrullus Colocynthis L. with Aphicidal Activity against Cabbage Aphid Brevicoryne Brassicae L.

“…In our results for the preliminary toxicity evaluations of the solvents extract showed significant mortality of B. brassicae. Among the solvents extracts, methanol extract afforded high mortality which is in accordance with [28][29][30] who reported maximum mortality of Aphis craccivora by methanolic extract of C. colocynthis followed by ethyl acetate and petroleum ether extract. However, the activity of the crude extract can be attributed to the existence of specific chemical compounds of the plants like fatty acids (linoleic and oleic acid) glycosides (flavonoids, phenols, saponins), terpenoids and alkaloids, etc.…”

Computational and Toxicological Evaluation of Thiamethoxam as Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Modulator Against Cowpea Aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch.

“…Esterase-mediated pesticide resistance has been detected in more than 30 insect pest species, according to (Hemingway et al, 1998). It was noted in our results that α -esterases activity and carboxylesterase decreased after thiamethoxam treatment which disagrees with (Shehawy and Alshehri, 2015) who discovered that imidacloprid treatment dramatically increased the α -esterases activities in a laboratory strain of cowpea aphid, also our results disagree with (Abdel-Haleem et al, 2020) who indicated that the third larval instar of Cx. pipiens treated with THIA showed a significant increase in the activity of the carboxylesterase and (α and β) esterases.…”

Genotoxic studies of selected plant oil extracts onRhyzopertha dominica(Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)

“…Chemical insecticides are effective tools against this pest. However, the extensive use of chemical insecticides may cause such problems as mutation and carcinogenesis in non-target organisms or pest resistance [5]. Thus, it is very important to find other safer compounds that provide protection against pests without harmful effects to the non-target organisms.…”