Heavy metal soil remediation: The effects of attrition scrubbing on a wet gravity concentration process

Marino, Matthew; Brica, R. Mark; Neale, C. Nelson

doi:10.1002/ep.3300160318

Cited by 36 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The EU's directives relating to the waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances (RoHS) regulate the use of lead in electric and electronic equipment. 3,4) Thus, SnPb solder has been substituted by various Pb-free solders, such as the Sn AgCu series, SnAgCuBi series, SnAgCuSb series, SnAg series, SnAgBi series, SnCu series and SnZnBi series of solders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Sn, Ag and Cu from Waste Pb-Free Solder Using Nitric Acid Leaching

Yoo

Lee

et al. 2012

Mater. Trans.

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The development of a hydrometallurgical process for the recycling of waste Pb-free solder based on nitric acid leaching, followed by the separation of Ag and Cu through AgCl precipitation or cementation, was investigated. Nitric acid dissolved Cu and Ag from the waste material while converting tin to stannic oxide (SnO 2 ), which is very sparingly soluble in the HNO 3 solution. More than 99% of the Ag and Cu in the waste Pb-free solder were dissolved in 2 kmol·m ¹3 HNO 3 under the leaching conditions of 75°C, 100 kg·m ¹3 pulp density and stirring at 400 rpm for 120 min. The addition of NaCl or Cu powder was used to separate Ag from Cu in the solution. The addition of 2 kg·m ¹3 of NaCl or 125 kg·m ¹3 of Cu powder to the leaching solution at 30°C led to the successful recovery of 3755 g·m ¹3 of Ag. Thus, the results showed that Sn, Ag and Cu could be separated and recovered from waste Pb-free solder by the proposed recycling process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Sn, Ag and Cu from Waste Pb-Free Solder Using Nitric Acid Leaching

Yoo

Lee

et al. 2012

Mater. Trans.

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“…Attrition was done with a Wemco attritor for 10 min at 2,000 rpm. Using the WT with attrited soil slurry instead of dry soil was proven to be an effective process to maximize metal removal from contaminated soils (Marino et al 1997). Water was introduced at three points on the WT (Fig.…”

Section: Gravimetric Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Physicochemical Methods for Treatment of Cu, Pb, Sb, and Zn in Canadian Small Arm Firing Ranges Backstop Soils

Laporte-Saumure

Martel

Mercier

2010

Water Air Soil Pollut

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This paper presents the results of physicochemical treatment on Pb-, Cu-, Sb-, and Zncontaminated Canadian small arm firing range (SAFR) backstop soils in order to evaluate the potential of such methods for remediation of SAFR backstop soils. Remediation target for the treatment assays was to attain the Québec Department of Environment commercial C criterion or more realistically, to reach the soil burial D criterion. Two treatment lines (TL) were evaluated. TL-1, consisting of jig and Wilfley table (WT) treatments on the 0.5-3 mm and 53-500 μm soil size fractions (SF), respectively, and chemical leaching on the <53 μm SF and TL-2, consisting of jig on the 1-4 mm SF, spiral, and WT treatments on 250 μm-1 mm SF, and Kelsey jig assays on the <250 μm SF. For both TL, the untreated SF (>3 mm for TL-1; >4 mm for TL-2), and the gravimetric separation concentrates could be sent for recycling in smelter facilities. Results showed that the finer SF (<53 μm SF for TL-1; <250 μm SF for TL-2) were very difficult to treat. Even with metal removed mass proportions up to 78% for Pb, concentrations were still very high after chemical leaching; and the Kelsey jig showed deceiving metal removed mass proportions (up to 47% for Pb). In both TL, the jig and the WT showed Pb removed mass proportions up to 98% and treated mass proportions up to 77% in their respective SF. Whole process efficiencies in the cleaned soils showed that TL-1 led to the remediation of up to 65% of the initial total soil, and TL-2, 36%. TL-1 and TL-2 results showed that the WT effectively treated soils of 53 μm-1 mm SF, and the jig, soils of the 1-4 mm SF. Our study shows that gravimetric concentration techniques are very promising for the treatment of SAFR backstop soils, and further research has to be done in order to treat the SF lower than 53 μm.

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“…1,2) Lead-free solder has been investigated to substitute the tin/lead solder, and various Pb-free solder series containing tin, silver, copper, bismuth, antimony, and zinc were developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation of Tin, Silver and Copper from Waste Pb-free Solder Using Hydrochloric Acid Leaching with Hydrogen Peroxide

Kim

Lee

et al. 2014

Mater. Trans.

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The waste lead (Pb)-free solder leaching process in hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution with hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) followed by separation of copper (Cu) and tin (Sn) was investigated to separate tin, silver (Ag), and copper as an individual component from waste Pb-free solder. The dissolution of Sn increased with increasing temperature and HCl concentration. ) of Cu could be removed successfully from the leach solution with Sn under the following conditions; 30°C in temperature; 400 rpm in agitation speed; 0.3 ml min ¹1 in N 2 flow rate; 0.1 g Sn powder addition to 100 cm 3 leach solution.

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Heavy metal soil remediation: The effects of attrition scrubbing on a wet gravity concentration process

Cited by 36 publications

References 1 publication

Recovery of Sn, Ag and Cu from Waste Pb-Free Solder Using Nitric Acid Leaching

Recovery of Sn, Ag and Cu from Waste Pb-Free Solder Using Nitric Acid Leaching

Evaluation of Physicochemical Methods for Treatment of Cu, Pb, Sb, and Zn in Canadian Small Arm Firing Ranges Backstop Soils

Separation of Tin, Silver and Copper from Waste Pb-free Solder Using Hydrochloric Acid Leaching with Hydrogen Peroxide

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