Heavy metals in phytosubstrates as indicators of anthropogenic air pollution in industrial region

Abstract

The ecotopic difference in the accumulation of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Cd, Pb) by botanical objects of indicator significance has been proven. To assess air pollution in Donbass, it is recommended to use the species Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid and Bryum argenteum Hedw. to check the accumulation of pollutants in gametophytes and Populus nigra L. on the specific content of the dendroindicator seeds in chalase capillary bristles. The studies were carried out in the the registration sites of the monitoring network in the central Donbass. The plants in the zones of technogenic and particular anthropogenic impacts (industrial enterprises of the metallurgical complex, dumps of coal mines, places of transport load on ecosystems, residential ecotopes) were studied in comparison with the territories of minimal transformation in the zones of the natural reserve fund in the Donetsk region. For the bryophytes of 11 species of the regional natural flora, taxonomic specificity in the accumulation of heavy metals was established, the facts of hyper- and hypoaccumulation in the thalli of bryobionts were noted. Based on the actual accumulation of heavy metals, the facts of the phytogeochemical migration activity of elements in the surface layer of the atmosphere of an industrially intense region were established. Accumulation of heavy metals in bryophytes occurs during precipitation, and in black poplar seeds freely floating in the air, as a result of active capture of dust particles, which causes a difference in accumulation by different phytosubstrates. The facts of the pollen content in other species of poplar fluff have been established, which is also considered in the context of a possible increase in the seasonal allergenic effect in the population. Accumulation of heavy metals in bryophytes occurs with precipitation, and in black poplar seeds freely floating in the air as a result of active capture of dust particles, which causes a difference in accumulation by different phytosubstrates. Pollen content in other species in poplar fluff have been established, which is also considered in the context of a possible increase in the seasonal allergic reactions.

Sorption capacity of ornamental herbaceous plants under conditions of soil contamination with lead

“…Modern technologies for the restoration of soils contaminated with heavy metals such as Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Co, Mn, Hg and As, etc. use the sorption properties of plants [7]. In developing countries, treated and untreated wastewater is commonly used for irrigation of agricultural land, which leads to the accumulation of heavy metals in soils.…”

Indicator plants of anthropogenic disturbances: Scientific approach, educational technologies

“…Based on statistical reliability [3,4,27,29], a conclusion is made about the presence of environmental impacts (specific forms, but mainly for integral assessment). Based on the scales and indices, paired and complex correlation analyses were carried out, levels of reliability and significance were established, cartographic material was created [9,11,18], which, by its technological application [14,19], is also a source of primary information when, for example, establishing geochemical provinces [7,8,19,21], pollution territories, migration of a multi-species populations [2,8,12,27]. Due to the obtained planar models and established successional processes in biogeochemical indices of well-being, materials have been prepared for management consideration of ecological disaster zones localization, risk, increased danger [9,16,30]; a network of ecological corridors connecting the biogeocenotic cores of the reference ecosystems of the region has been developed.…”

“…The methodological part of the scientific work is based on the concept of species and ecosystems sustainability in ecologically unfavourable regions [23,24]. The general regularities of the state of plants according to the forms of their oppression are highlighted [12,25] with modifications to local geochemical characteristics and conditions for the formation of landscapes in Donbass [12,[18][19]26]. To conduct the experiment, methods of environmental monitoring [1,[27][28] and methods of assessing the state of ecosystems in polluted regions [29,30], including biological species, were used.…”

“…The territory of Donbass is the leader of toxic pollution of the air, water and soil [11,12] in Eastern Europe in terms of high anthropogenic environmental changes. This situation forces scientists to engage in environmental monitoring [11][12][13][14] and use plants as available materials for rapid examination [12,[15][16].…”

“…The territory of Donbass is the leader of toxic pollution of the air, water and soil [11,12] in Eastern Europe in terms of high anthropogenic environmental changes. This situation forces scientists to engage in environmental monitoring [11][12][13][14] and use plants as available materials for rapid examination [12,[15][16]. It was previously established that plants can be reliable indicators of the state of an industrially polluted environment [17], including mossy [18][19] and flowering plants [14][15]17].…”