Heavy metals in road dust from Xiandao District, Changsha City, China: characteristics, health risk assessment, and integrated source identification

Abstract

The physicochemical properties and the contents of metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Fe) in 51 road dust samples from Xiandao District (XDD) were investigated. Enrichment factor (EF), multivariate statistics, geostatistics, and health risk assessment model were adopted to study the spatial pollution pattern and to identify the priority pollutants and regions of concern and sources of studied metals. The mean EFs revealed the following order: Cd > Zn ≈ Pb ≈ Cu > Cr. For non-carcinogenic effects, the exposure pathway which resulted in the highest levels of exposure risk for children and adults was ingestion, followed by dermal contact and inhalation. Hazard index (HI) values for the studied metals at each site were within the safe level of 1 except maximum HI Cr (1.08) for children. The carcinogenic risk (CR) for Cd and Cr at each site was within the acceptable risk level (1E-06) except CR Cr (1.08E-06) for children in the road intersection between the Changchang highway and the Yuelin highway. Cr was identified as the priority pollutant followed by Pb and Cd with consideration of the local population distribution. Spatially, northwest and northeast of XDD were regarded as the priority regions of concern. Results based on the proposed integrated source identification method indicated that Pb was probably sourced from traffic-related sources, Cd was associated with the dust organic material mainly originated from industrial sources, and Cr was mainly derived from both sources.

Geochemical, Mineralogical and Morphological Characterisation of Road Dust and Associated Health Risks

“…Road dusts are known for their heterogeneous mix with diverse natural and anthropogenic origins. The composition can vary depending on geographical location, resuspended soil, atmospheric deposition and anthropogenic sources, which include traffic related particles such as metallic components, eroded road pavement, but also building construction and demolition, and power generation [14,30].…”

Lead Bioaccumulation in Root and Aerial Part of Natural and Cultivated Pastures in Highly Contaminated Soils in Central Andes of Peru

“…In March 2018 (rainy season), a total of 60 samples were taken (20 parallel samples of soil, root and aerial part of natural and cultivated pastures, 10 samples for each pasture type) at twentyfive-meter zigzag intervals. Samples were taken from upper soil layer (0-20 cm) [30,31,32] of 1 ha of NP and 1 ha of CP near the CCP-LO stable ( Figure 3). Five random subsamples taken of approximate area of 1m 2 were mixed until 0.5 kg soil sample was completing in a polythene bag and then taken to the laboratory.…”

Bioaccessibility and human health risk assessment of lead in soil from Daye City

“…Due to the strong influence of anthropic activities related to industry, urban soil widely contaminated by various heavy metals [1][2]. Heavy metals in soil do harm to human health via the oral ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact [3][4][5].…”