Height and glucose tolerance in adult subjects

Brown, D. C.; Byrne, Christopher D.; Clark, P. M. S.; Cox, Brian D.; Day, Nicholas E.; Hales, C. N.; Shackleton, J. R.; Wang, T. W. M.; Williams, D. R. R.

doi:10.1007/bf00403292

Cited by 101 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Furthermore, the more insulin resistant GDM subjects had the greater decrease in adult height, resembling the Type II group. Our results thus agree with previous reports concerning Type II [1,2]. It could be speculated that the subset of GDM who will eventually develop permanent Type II are found among those whose stature is shorter than expected.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Decreased stature in gestational diabetes mellitus

et al. 1998

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Adult height is determined by genetic and acquired factors. It has been reported that middle-aged patients with impaired glucose tolerance or Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus are short compared with normal control subjects [1,2]. In middle-aged diabetic patients it is, however, difficult to exclude the effect of ageing and long standing metabolic effects on height.There is a lot of evidence that Type II diabetes and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are both manifestations of the same pathophysiological process, which includes insulin resistance and impaired betacell function [3,4]. Gestational diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous disorder; it is characterised by hyperglycaemia or glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. This is usually temporary and affects a younger group of people who have completed their skeletal growth and have not yet suffered age-related bone loss [5]. We considered that pregnant women with various degrees of glucose Diabetologia (1998) Summary Short stature has been associated with various degrees of abnormal glucose tolerance in middle-aged people, where the effects of age and metabolic control would be difficult to exclude. We chose to examine body stature in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a prediabetic state affecting a young group of people. A sample of 2772 Greek pregnant women, referred for GDM screening was examined. After a 100-g oral glucose tolerance test, 1787 women were classified as normal (N), 300 women were found with one abnormal glucose value (OAV) and 685 women with GDM. Basal insulin resistance was calculated in 640 women by homeostasis model assessment. In addition, 51 pregnant women with pre-existing Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and 109 with pre-existing Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus were included in the study. There was a gradual decrease in mean height (cm) as glucose intolerance became more severe: N: 161.0 ± 6.2, OAV:160.2 ± 6.1, GDM:158.7 ± 6.3, Type II diabetes 158.2 ± 7.0 (p < 0.001, analysis of variance]. Height in Type I diabetes (160.1 ± 5.9) did not differ from the normal group. The difference in height between the normal and GDM groups remained (p < 0.001) when body weight, age, birth before or after 1960 and educational status were also taken into account. An independent correlation was also found between height and insulin resistance (n = 640) adjusted for the above mentioned variables. In conclusion, short stature appears to be associated with glucose intolerance as an independent variable, even when this intolerance is both mild and temporary. The previously unrecognised independent association of stature with basal insulin resistance merits further investigation. [Diabetologia (1998) 41: 997± 1001]

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…It has been reported that middle-aged patients with impaired glucose tolerance or Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus are short compared with normal control subjects [1,2]. In middle-aged diabetic patients it is, however, difficult to exclude the effect of ageing and long standing metabolic effects on height.…”

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confidence: 99%

Decreased stature in gestational diabetes mellitus

et al. 1998

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“…Several studies have shown that shorter stature is associated with higher 2hPG levels, [1,[18][19][20], and genetic or pre-and postnatal environmental factors have been suggested as explanatory mechanisms [21,22]. If the association between height and 2hPG levels is causally related to inherent metabolic abnormalities, we would expect HbA 1c levels to also be affected by height.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sex differences in glucose levels: a consequence of physiology or methodological convenience? The Inter99 study

et al. 2010

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Aims/hypothesis We aimed to examine whether sex differences in fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2 h post-OGTT plasma glucose (2hPG) and HbA 1c could be explained by differences in body size and/or body composition between men and women in a general non-diabetic Danish population. Moreover, we aimed to study to what degree the newly suggested high-risk HbA 1c criteria overlapped with the current OGTT-based criteria of glucose intolerance. Methods We used cross-sectional data from 6,006 nondiabetic men and women. HbA 1c and FPG levels were measured and a 75 g OGTT was performed in all individuals. Height, weight and waist and hip circumferences were measured and BMI was calculated. Data were analysed in age-adjusted linear regression models. Results Men had higher FPG and HbA 1c levels than women, and women had higher 2hPG levels than men. Sex differences in 2hPG levels were explained by differences in height and FPG levels, but sex differences in FPG or HbA 1c levels were not explained by anthropometric measures. Among individuals with HbA 1c in the high-risk range (6.0-6.5%), 73% had normal glucose tolerance. Conclusions/interpretation Sex differences in 2hPG levels after an OGTT may to some extent be a consequence of giving the same amount of glucose to individuals with different body size. In contrast, sex differences in FPG and HbA 1c levels are likely to have a true physiological basis. In clinical practice, the HbA 1c assay may be more convenient than the OGTT, but it is important to note that different populations are identified by the two methods.Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00289237

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“…Height has been found to be inversely associated with diabetes and glucose intolerance in several studies [1,2,3,4,5] but the underlying mechanism for this association have not been understood. We have shown that leg length is the component of height that is inversely associated with diabetes whereas trunk length is not associated with diabetes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between components of adult height and Type II diabetes and insulin resistance: British Women's Heart and Health Study

2002

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Aims/hypothesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between components of adult height (leg length, trunk length, ratio of leg to trunk length) and Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance. Methods. A cross sectional study was carried out on 4286 women of age 60 to 79 years from 23 towns across England, Scotland and Wales. Results. Total height was weakly and inversely associated with diabetes but this masked differences in the association with leg and trunk length. Leg length was inversely associated with Type II diabetes [age adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) for diabetes for each standard deviation (4.3 cm) increase in leg length: 0.81 (0.73, 0.90)] whereas trunk length was not associated with diabetes [age adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) for diabetes for each standard deviation (3.6 cm) increase in trunk length: 1.05 (0.94, 1.18)]. Adjustment for potential confounding factors attenuated but did not remove the inverse association between leg length and the prevalence of diabetes: fully adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) per standard deviation increase in leg length was 0.87 (0.77, 0.98) and that per standard deviation increase in the ratio of leg to trunk length was 0.88 (0.78, 0.99). In non-diabetic women leg length was inversely associated with insulin resistance, whereas trunk length was positively associated with insulin resistance. Conclusion/interpretation. Leg length is an indicator of early childhood environmental circumstances, in particular of infant nutrition. These results suggest that poor infant nutrition is an important causal factor in the development of Type II diabetes and insulin resistance in later life. [Diabetologia (2002[Diabetologia ( ) 45: 1097[Diabetologia ( -1106

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Height and glucose tolerance in adult subjects

Cited by 101 publications

References 9 publications

Decreased stature in gestational diabetes mellitus

Decreased stature in gestational diabetes mellitus

Sex differences in glucose levels: a consequence of physiology or methodological convenience? The Inter99 study

The association between components of adult height and Type II diabetes and insulin resistance: British Women's Heart and Health Study

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