Height, Whole Body Surface Area, Gender, Working Outdoors, and Sunbathing in Previous Summer are Important Determinants of Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D Levels

Pazaitou‐Panayiotou, Kalliopi; Papapetrou, Peter D.; Chrisoulidou, Alexandra; Konstantinidou, Stavroula; Doumala, Eleni; Georgiou, Elisavet; Panagiotou, V.; Sotiriadou, E.; Mavroudi, Eleni; Apostolaki-Christopoulou, M.

doi:10.1055/s-0031-1285912

Cited by 25 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The degree of vitamin D deficiency observed in our sample, which comprised participants who spent <10 h outdoors per week (range 2–20 h/week), has been reported elsewhere. It is well-documented that indoor workers are vitamin D deficient compared with those who work outdoors 39–42 and that vitamin D status is correlated with hours spent outdoors. 40 However, the participants in this study had a lower 25(OH)D concentration at baseline than indoor workers in other studies, 39,41,42 and spent less time outdoors by self-report than the mean reported in another study of indoor workers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of a single, large bolus of vitamin D in healthy adults over the winter and following year: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Kearns

Binongo²,

Watson³

et al. 2014

Eur J Clin Nutr

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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Although single, high doses of vitamin D effectively maintain vitamin D sufficiency in several populations, no studies have evaluated healthy adults over winter, during which vitamin D status declines. This study investigated whether high-dose vitamin D3 given once to healthy adults before winter will (1) prevent the wintertime decline in vitamin D status, (2) promote vitamin D sufficiency 1 year following the dose and (3) prevent the rise of parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations. SUBJECTS/METHODS In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we assessed plasma 25(OH)D and PTH concentrations at baseline, 5, 90 and 365 days after drug administration in 28 healthy adults. In all, >80% of subjects returned at each time point. RESULTS At baseline, the young, healthy participants had a mean plasma 25(OH)D concentration of 17.5 ± 6.1 ng/ml. Only two subjects exhibited plasma 25(OH)D concentrations >30 ng/ml. At 5 days, subjects randomized to vitamin D3 had a higher mean plasma 25(OH)D concentration compared with the placebo group (39.1 vs 19.1 ng/ml, P<0.001). Plasma 25(OH)D concentrations returned to baseline at 90 and 365 days in the vitamin D3 group and remained unchanged in the placebo group. PTH and calcium concentrations were unrelated to changes in 25(OH)D levels and similar between groups over time. CONCLUSIONS A dose of 250 000 IU of vitamin D3 given once in November resulted in a robust increase in plasma 25(OH)D after 5 days, but it was unable to sustain this increase after 90 days. A larger or more frequent dosing regimen may be needed for long-term vitamin D sufficiency.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of a single, large bolus of vitamin D in healthy adults over the winter and following year: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Kearns

Binongo²,

Watson³

et al. 2014

Eur J Clin Nutr

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“…To the best of our knowledge, only one previous study analyzed this relation in 489 apparently healthy subjects [20]. The authors found a significant positive relationship between height, body surface area and the 25(OH)D concentration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This positive association was explained with increased synthesis of vitamin D in the skin due to increasing body surface area. Thus, taller people may have higher 25OHD concentrations [20]. Concurrently, BMI and waist circumference are highly correlated with body surface area (spearman correlation coefficients in SHIP-1 for BMI: 0.61, p -value: <0.01, for waist circumference: 0.75; p < 0.01).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While these three studies [12–14] investigated CT-based VAT or SAT, data on MRI-based SAT or VAT is sparse. Moreover, most previous studies assessing the association between common adiposity measures as BMI [5–7, 15], waist circumference [6, 15], waist-to-hip ratio [15, 16], waist-to-height ratio [17], body fat [18, 19] or body surface area [20], focus on the association between one or two selected adiposity measures. In the present study we aimed to assess a comprehensive panel of eight adiposity measures with serum 25OHD concentrations from three cohorts of two large epidemiological studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adiposity measures and vitamin D concentrations in Northeast Germany and Denmark

et al. 2015

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BackgroundBody mass index (BMI) and serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 (25OHD) concentrations are inversely related. As BMI contains only limited information regarding body fat distribution, we aimed to analyze the cross-sectional associations of abdominal visceral or subcutaneous adipose tissue, next to common adiposity measures, with the 25OHD concentration.MethodsData were obtained from three cohorts of two large epidemiological studies in the northeast of Germany (Study of Health in Pomerania, SHIP-1 and SHIP-Trend), and in Denmark (Health2006). The study populations included adult men and women from the general population (N = 3072 SHIP-1, N = 803 SHIP-Trend, N = 3195 Health2006). Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue were quantified by magnetic resonance imagining (SHIP-Trend) or ultrasound (Health2006). Common adiposity measures, including BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, body surface area, and body fat percentage were determined by standardized methods in SHIP-1 and Health2006.ResultsThe average study participant was overweight (median BMI 27.4, 26.6, and 25.2 kg/m2 in SHIP-1, SHIP-Trend, and Health2006, respectively). Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue as well as the common adiposity measures were inversely associated with serum 25OHD concentrations in linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, alcohol consumption, physical activity, smoking status, and month of blood sampling.ConclusionsNext to common adiposity measures, also abdominal visceral or subcutaneous adipose tissue are inversely associated with serum 25OHD concentrations in the general adult population.

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“…Therefore, it is important to understand and identify the factors that influence vitamin D status in such settings. Earlier studies have identified a number of factors that influence serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), which is the generally accepted biomarker of vitamin D status [1], [13], including exposure to UVB-radiation, skin pigmentation, intake of vitamin D from diet and supplements, and certain constitutional, lifestyle and socioeconomic factors such as age, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, and education [11], [14]–[31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Validation of a Vitamin D Status Prediction Model in Danish Pregnant Women: A Study of the Danish National Birth Cohort

et al. 2013

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Vitamin D has been hypothesized to reduce risk of pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, and preterm delivery. However, many of these outcomes are rare and require a large sample size to study, representing a challenge for cohorts with a limited number of preserved samples. The aims of this study were to (1) identify predictors of serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) among pregnant women in a subsample (N = 1494) of the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) and (2) develop and validate a score predicting 25(OH)D-status in order to explore associations between vitamin D and maternal and offspring health outcomes in the DNBC. In our study sample, 42.3% of the population had deficient levels of vitamin D (<50 nmol/L 25(OH)D) and average levels of 25(OH)D-status were 56.7(s.d. 24.6) nmol/L. A prediction model consisting of intake of vitamin D from diet and supplements, outdoor physical activity, tanning bed use, smoking, and month of blood draw explained 40.1% of the variance in 25(OH)D and mean measured 25(OH)D-level increased linearly by decile of predicted 25(OH)D-score. In total 32.2% of the women were placed in the same quintile by both measured and predicted 25(OH)D-values and 69.9% were placed in the same or adjacent quintile by both methods. Cohen's weighted kappa coefficient (Κ = 0.3) reflected fair agreement between measured 25(OH)D-levels and predicted 25(OH)D-score. These results are comparable to other settings in which vitamin D scores have shown similar associations with disease outcomes as measured 25(OH)D-levels. Our findings suggest that predicted 25(OH)D-scores may be a useful alternative to measured 25(OH)D for examining associations between vitamin D and disease outcomes in the DNBC cohort, but cannot substitute for measured 25(OH)D-levels for estimates of prevalence.

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Height, Whole Body Surface Area, Gender, Working Outdoors, and Sunbathing in Previous Summer are Important Determinants of Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D Levels

Abstract: Height, whole BSA, gender, working outdoors and sunbathing in previous summer(s) proved to be significant determinants of serum 25(OH)D. Vitamin D status is higher in taller individuals with greater BSA, and in men when compared to women.

Cited by 25 publications

References 17 publications

The effect of a single, large bolus of vitamin D in healthy adults over the winter and following year: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

The effect of a single, large bolus of vitamin D in healthy adults over the winter and following year: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Adiposity measures and vitamin D concentrations in Northeast Germany and Denmark

Development and Validation of a Vitamin D Status Prediction Model in Danish Pregnant Women: A Study of the Danish National Birth Cohort

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