Helicobacter Pylori and Intestinal Parasites Are Not Detrimental to the Nutritional Status of Amerindians

Marini, Elisabetta; Maldonado‐Contreras, Ana; Cabras, Stefano; Hidalgo, Glida; Buffa, Roberto; Marin, Aura; Floris, Giovanni; Racugno, Walter; Pericchi, Luis R.; Castellanos, María Eugenia; Gröschl, Michael; Domínguez-Bello, María Gloria

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2007.76.534

Cited by 31 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Long running studies tested the skin microbiome of Healthy Amerindians in Platanillal village against healthy residents of Colorado and New York using swab/buffer techniques taken from the volar forearm [75,[81][82][83]. They had been nomadic hunter gatherers two to three generations ago and still live in settlements without electricity or running water, meaning their exposure to westernisation was minimal, but still more so than the completely isolated Yanomami people [75].…”

Section: Rural Guahibo Settlementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta Analysis of Skin Microbiome: New Link between Skin Microbiota Diversity and Skin Health with Proposal to Use This as a Future Mechanism to Determine Whether Cosmetic Products Damage the Skin

Wallen-Russell

Wallen-Russell²

2017

Cosmetics

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Abstract:There is a skin allergy epidemic in the western world, and the rate of deterioration has increased significantly in the past 5-10 years. It is probable that there are many environmental contributing factors, yet some studies have linked it primarily to the rise in the use of synthetic chemical ingredients in modern cosmetics. Our challenge, therefore, was to find a mechanism to determine the effect these substances have on skin health, and whether they really are a primary cause of long term damage to the skin. The first problem is the lack of any definitive way to measure skin health. Motivated by the overwhelming evidence for a link between deficient gut flora and ill health, we decided to look at whether our skin microbiota could similarly be used as an indicator of skin health. Our research illustrates how microbiota diversity alone can predict whether skin is healthy or not, after we revealed a complete lack of conclusive findings linking the presence or abundance of particular species of microbe to skin problems. This phenomenon is replicated throughout nature, where high biodiversity always leads to healthy ecosystems. 'Caveman' skin, untouched by modern civilisation, was far different to "western" skin and displayed unprecedented levels of bacterial diversity. The less exposed communities were to western practices, the higher the skin diversity, which is clear evidence of an environmental factor in the developed world damaging skin. For the first time we propose benchmark values of diversity against which we can measure skin to determine how healthy it is. This gives us the ability to be able to predict which people are more likely to be prone to skin ailments, and start to test whether cosmetic ingredients and products are a main cause of the skin allergy epidemic.Keywords: biodiversity; skin allergy; benchmark skin health values; effect of synthetic cosmetics on skin; 21st century skin ailments; measure skin health; healthy skin ecosystem; healthy skin bacteria; damaged skin bacteria; perfect skin

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Section: Rural Guahibo Settlementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta Analysis of Skin Microbiome: New Link between Skin Microbiota Diversity and Skin Health with Proposal to Use This as a Future Mechanism to Determine Whether Cosmetic Products Damage the Skin

Wallen-Russell

Wallen-Russell²

2017

Cosmetics

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“…We obtained samples from 72 people in the village of Platanillal, B20 km South of Puerto Ayacucho, the capital of Amazonas State, as described earlier (Marini et al, 2007). At the time of sampling in October 2008, there was no electricity or running water and streets were not paved in Platanillal.…”

Section: Study Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analysis was by stool microscopy, as described (Marini et al, 2007). As relatively high frequencies of carriage were observed for helminths (Ascaris lumbricoides (49%), Trichuris trichura (49%) and Ankylostoma species (16%)) we included data on the carriage of these organisms in the metadata.…”

Section: Intestinal Protozoa and Helminthsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distinct cutaneous bacterial assemblages in a sampling of South American Amerindians and US residents

et al. 2012

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The human skin harbors complex bacterial communities. Prior studies showing high inter-individual variation focused on subjects from developed countries. We therefore compared cutaneous bacterial communities of Amerindians in the Venezuelan Amazon with subjects in the United States. Forearm skin specimens were studied from healthy Amerindians in Platanillal village in Amazonas State, and from healthy persons in New York and Colorado. All skin sampling used similar swab/ buffer techniques. Multiplexed V2-targeted 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing yielded high quality sequences from 112 samples. The results show 20 phyla, with three (Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria) predominating. US residents and Venezuelan Amerindians had significantly different forearm skin bacterial community compositions, with United States dominated by Propionibacterium. Among the Amerindians, there was a deep split based on bacterial community membership, with 30 and 42 samples, respectively, falling into each of the two groups, not associated with age, gender, or body mass index. One Amerindian group had diversity similar to the United States, but was dominated by Staphylococcus rather than Propionibacterium. The other Amerindian group was significantly more diverse and even than the US or the other Amerindian group, and featured a broad range of Proteobacteria. The results provide evidence that ethnicity, lifestyle and/or geography are associated with the structure of human cutaneous bacterial communities.

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“…Nonetheless, a high prevalence of cag-positive H. pylori strains occurs concurrently with low gastric cancer rates in Africa (40) and some regions in Latin America, such as the Venezuelan savannas and Amazonas (29,53). Moreover, clinical and epidemiological data provide evidence for an inverse relationship between H. pylori colonization and the prevalence of certain metabolic disorders, esophageal diseases, asthma and allergic disorders, and acute infectious diseases, as well as a direct relationship with improved nutritional status of rural children (3,14,34,37,49,68). That the host interaction with an indigenous gastric microbe provides some health benefits to the host is not unexpected given the well-established role of gastrointestinal microflora in maintaining gastroenteric homeostasis (8).…”

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confidence: 99%

Host-Interactive Genes in AmerindianHelicobacter pyloriDiverge from Their Old World Homologs and Mediate Inflammatory Responses

et al. 2010

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Helicobacter pylori is the dominant member of the gastric microbiota and has been associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer and peptic ulcers in adults. H. pylori populations have migrated and diverged with human populations, and health effects vary. Here, we describe the whole genome of the cag-positive strain V225d, cultured from a Venezuelan Piaroa Amerindian subject. To gain insight into the evolution and host adaptation of this bacterium, we undertook comparative H. pylori genomic analyses. A robust multiprotein phylogenetic tree reflects the major human migration out of Africa, across Europe, through Asia, and into the New World, placing Amerindian H. pylori as a particularly close sister group to East Asian H. pylori. In contrast, phylogenetic analysis of the host-interactive genes vacA and cagA shows substantial divergence of Amerindian from Old World forms and indicates new genotypes (e.g., VacA m3) involving these loci. Despite deletions in CagA EPIYA and CRPIA domains, V225d stimulates interleukin-8 secretion and the hummingbird phenotype in AGS cells. However, following a 33-week passage in the mouse stomach, these phenotypes were lost in isolate V225-RE, which had a 15-kb deletion in the cag pathogenicity island that truncated CagA and eliminated some of the type IV secretion system genes. Thus, the unusual V225d cag architecture was fully functional via conserved elements, but the natural deletion of 13 cag pathogenicity island genes and the truncation of CagA impaired the ability to induce inflammation.Helicobacter pylori is a microaerophilic bacterium of the Epsilonproteobacteria that has colonized the stomach since early in human evolution (45) and diverged with ancient human migrations (24, 45, 92). Thus, several major H. pylori populations, such as hpAfrica1, hpEurope, hspEAsia, and hspAmerind, whose names indicate their original geographic associations (45, 51), have been defined. In particular, similarities between the hspAmerind and hspEAsia populations suggest that the first colonizers of the New World brought H. pylori with them (24, 28). With recent mixing of human groups, H. pylori populations are also mixing and competing, with an apparent dominance by the hpEurope population at least in Latin America (19).H. pylori usually does not cause illness, but colonization with strains bearing the cag (cytotoxin-associated gene) pathogenicity island (cag PAI) (3,7,25,52,57,61,63) is associated with an increased risk of noncardia gastric adenocarcinoma and peptic ulcer disease (56,64). Nonetheless, a high prevalence of cag-positive H. pylori strains occurs concurrently with low gastric cancer rates in Africa (40) and some regions in Latin America, such as the Venezuelan savannas and Amazonas (29,53). Moreover, clinical and epidemiological data provide evidence for an inverse relationship between H. pylori colonization and the prevalence of certain metabolic disorders, esophageal diseases, asthma and allergic disorders, and acute infectious diseases, as well as a direct relationship wit...

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Helicobacter Pylori and Intestinal Parasites Are Not Detrimental to the Nutritional Status of Amerindians

Cited by 31 publications

References 46 publications

Meta Analysis of Skin Microbiome: New Link between Skin Microbiota Diversity and Skin Health with Proposal to Use This as a Future Mechanism to Determine Whether Cosmetic Products Damage the Skin

Meta Analysis of Skin Microbiome: New Link between Skin Microbiota Diversity and Skin Health with Proposal to Use This as a Future Mechanism to Determine Whether Cosmetic Products Damage the Skin

Distinct cutaneous bacterial assemblages in a sampling of South American Amerindians and US residents

Host-Interactive Genes in AmerindianHelicobacter pyloriDiverge from Their Old World Homologs and Mediate Inflammatory Responses

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