Helicobacter pylori colonization in Nepal; assessment of prevalence and potential risk factors in a hospital-based patient cohort

Abstract

BackgroundHelicobacter pylori, a gram-negative bacterium, can cause gastritis, peptic and duodenal ulcers. It is considered an important public health problem for both developed and developing world. This bacterium is classified as the class 1 carcinogen because it can cause cancer.MethodsA hospital based study was conducted at Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital (CMCTH) from May to October 2014. Stool samples were collected from the suspected patients and were subjected to detection of the H. pylori stool antigen (HpSAg) following the procedures recommended by the manufacturer. A standard questionnaire on the potential risk factors was also designed and completed.ResultHpSAg was detected in 16 % of suspected patients. The children up to 10 years of age were found to be highly infected (36 %). The patients living in urban area were found more susceptible to develop H. pylori infection (P < 0.05). Tea drinking and repeated eating habit (more than twice a day) were listed as the important factors that can limit the H. pylori infections significantly (P < 0.05).ConclusionIn this hospital based study, a significant rate of prevalence was evaluated. However, we recommend a community based extensive study to reveal the real scenario of H. pylori infection in Nepalese populations.

Detection of Helicobacterpylori Antigens among Patients with Gastroenteritis in Erbil City, Iraq

“…The current study showed that the overall proportion of infection with H. pylori causing gastroenteritis was 79/300 (26.33%), as illustrated in [ Figure 2]. This result is comparable to other studies where the occurrence of H. pylori infection was reported as 24.3% in Uganda (Aitila et al, 2018), 25% in Jordan (Abu-sbeih et al, 2014), 26.1% in Mosul-Iraq (Qibi and Abdulla, 2008;Ali, 2018), 27% in Sikkim-India (Dhakal and Dhakal, 2018), and 28% in Duhok-Iraq (Yahya, 2018), while higher rates than our results were recorded in Pakistan, Iran, Cameroon, Saudi Arabia, and Nigeria (47%), (61.87%), (64.39%), (71.33%), and (81.7%), respectively (Nawaz et al, 2018;Reiisi et al, 2017;Kouitcheu Mabeku et al, 2018;Alhussaini, 2016;Bello et al, 2018 Al-Mashhadany, 2018;Awuku et al, 2017;Ansari et al, 2016;Al-Mashhadany and Mayass, 2018). These variations could be explained by age and health conditions of the patients, number of samples, social habits of the population, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, diagnostic techniques, and geographical distribution (Alhussaini, 2016;Tsongo et al, 2015).…”

“…This is in contrast to the findings in Basrah-Iraq, Erbil-Iraq, Uganda, Sulaimani-Iraq, and Misan-Iraq; they were recorded that there is no significant relationship between the rate of H. pylori infection and gender (Mohamed et al, 2010;Hussen et al, 2013;Tsongo et al, 2015;Mohammed et al, 2017;Alhashimi et al, 2017). These results may be explained by the hormonal differences between the two genders, but in general, there is no significant relationship between sex and H. pylori infection rate (Ansari et al, 2016;Mohammed et al, 2017).…”

Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection in asymptomatic schoolchildren in Bhutan

“…While there is a wide range of the sero‐prevalence of the infection among children around the globe, the overall prevalence of the infection among the Bhutanese children seems to be one of the highest prevalence in the world. The global prevalence of H. pylori infection among Chinese child was 6.8%, 33% in healthy Portuguese pediatric population, 5% among junior high school students in Japan, 42% among children of Iran, and in neighboring country of Bhutan, children up to 10 years of age, 36% of children found to be infected in hospital‐based cohort in Nepal . Our finding explains why Bhutan have high incidence of gastric cancer rate and adds more emphasis on the importance for implementation and eradication of H. pylori as a method of elimination of gastric cancer in Bhutan .…”

Prevalence of helicobacter pylori infection in patients with peptic ulcer disease at Kathmandu Model Hospital

“…2 In developing countries, such as Nepal, the prevalence generally may be related to socioeconomic status and levels of hygiene, no tea drinking habit and lesser frequency of meals. 6 Endoscopic rapid urease test (RUT) is generally preferred as it is a rapid, cheap, simple test which detects the presence of urease in or on the gastric mucosa. On the other hand, this test has generally high sensitivity and specificity.…”