Helicopter-borne GPR systems: A way from ice thickness measurements to geological applications

Eisenburger, D.; Lentz, H.; Jenett, M.

doi:10.1109/icuwb.2008.4653441

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Moreover, if the investigation area is wide and a high spatial density of measures is mandatory, the survey time can be very long, also considering the unavoidable stops due to bad weather conditions. Airborne GPR surveys can be a valid solution, because they are less affected by terrain challenges and can rapidly cover extended areas, acquiring data up to several tens of kilometres per hour (Eisenburger et al, 2008;Gusmeroli et al, 2014;Merz et al, 2015b). In fact, airborne surveys have been performed since a long time using Radio Echo Sounding systems (e.g.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent evolution of Marmolada glacier (Dolomites, Italy) by means of ground and airborne GPR surveys

Santin

Colucci²,

Žebre

et al. 2019

Remote Sensing of Environment

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A 10-year-long evolution of ice thickness and volume of the Marmolada glacier is presented.Quantitative measurements have been performed by using two different Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) datasets. A ground-based survey using two different ground-coupled systems equipped with 100 MHz and 35 MHz antennas was performed in 2004. In 2015 the dataset was collected by using a helicopter-borne step frequency GPR equipped with a 100 MHz antenna. Through a critical discussion of the two different methodologies, we show how both approaches are useful to estimate the ice volume within a glacier, as well as its morphological characteristics and changes with time, even if datasets are acquired in different periods of the year.The observed 2004-2014 ice volume reduction of the Marmolada glacier is equal to about 30%, while the area covered by ice decreased by about 22%. The glacier is now split in several separated units. It is very likely that the fragmentation of the Marmolada glacier observed in the period 2004-2014 was accelerated due to irregular karst topography. By applying the observed 2004-2014 ice-melting trend 2 for the future, the Marmolada glacier will likely disappear by the year 2050. Only few isolated very small and thin ice patches will eventually survive due to avalanche feeding at the foot of the northfacing cliffs. However, the Marmolada glacier might behave slightly different compared to glaciers on non-karstic terrains owing to prevalently vertical subglacial karst drainage, though this aspect on glacier behaviour is still not fully understood.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent evolution of Marmolada glacier (Dolomites, Italy) by means of ground and airborne GPR surveys

Santin

Colucci²,

Žebre

et al. 2019

Remote Sensing of Environment

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“…However, although it can provide high‐resolution discrimination in azimuth and range, it is ambiguous in the vertical direction, providing little or no height information in a scene. As a consequence, schemes for overcoming scene layover to allow discrimination between surface and buried features have relied on centimetric‐resolution, nadir‐looking, ground‐based systems (Daniels, ; Peters et al ., ; Pettinelli et al ., ; Vitebskiy et al ., ) or very low‐flying aerial platforms (Eisenburger et al ., ; Fruehauf et al ., ; Mineseekers Foundation, unpublished). However, the use of these systems places severe restrictions on the size of the area that can be investigated or accessed, making large‐scale surveys costly in time and money.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping Subsurface Archaeology with SAR

Morrison

2013

Archaeological Prospection

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SubSAR is a new scheme for mapping subsurface features with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) at large stand-off distances applicable to airborne and satellite measurements. This is in sharp contrast to current techniques, where discrimination relies on close-proximity measurement of the scene, usually with a ground-based system. The scheme discriminates between surface and subsurface returns using a novel application of differential SAR interferometry (DInSAR). It is based on the differing phase histories of surface and subsurface features. Whereas the latter experiences phase delays in sympathy with variations in soil moisture, these are absent from the surface feature's phase history. To assess the predictions and performance of the model against measurements, a laboratory investigation was carried out at the GB-SAR Microwave Measurement Facility. C-band VV tomographic profiling (TP) was collected of a trihedral and a pile of cobble stones, buried in a sandy soil. The TP imagery displayed the vertical backscattering pattern through the soil, allowing separation of returns from the soil and buried features. Known amounts of water were added incrementally to the soil to precisely quantify DInSAR phase and backscatter behaviours of the soil and buried features. The measurements confirmed the two central tenets of the model: (i) a linear relationship between soil moisture and DInSAR phase, and (ii) that this is independent of incidence angle. Application and performance of the scheme applied to mapping subsurface archaeology is discussed. A low-level product would deliver a basic distinction between surface and subsurface features in SAR imagery. The high-level product, with supporting ground-truth data, could additionally deliver the depth of a feature.

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“…Modification in the existing dipole antenna structure can lower the frequency of operation (Byers et al, ; Choi et al, ; Howlader & Sattar, ; Liu et al, ; Rao & Sarabandi, ; Smith & Jol, ). In literature, 350 MHz top shielded hemispherical butterfly dipole antenna, wire folded dipole antenna working at 60 MHz, 150 MHz BGR, programmable antenna between 20 MHz and 400 MHz, resistively loaded planar dipole antennas 55 MHz to 275 MHz with a central frequency around 150 MHz, 12 MHz wire antenna are some of the different antenna systems used for glacier studies (Blindow et al, ; Eisenburger et al, ; Lei et al, ; Rodríguez‐Morales et al, ; Rutishauser et al, ; Sciacca et al, ; Singh et al, ; Urbini et al, ; Urbini et al, ). The great increase in the different practical applications leads to the designing of new shapes of wire antenna in low frequency range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Bent Wire Antenna Resonant Frequency for Different Bent Angles

et al. 2019

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For the bedrock survey in the temperate glacier regions, low frequency antenna system of the airborne ground penetrating RADAR plays a very important role. A small size antenna, working at 10 MHz, would make its use easier in various radar applications. Reducing the resonant frequency of the wire dipole antenna structure, without increasing the physical size, can be attained by introducing bents in the existing structure. This paper introduces a new bent wire dipole antenna and presents the effects of bent angle of 80°, 70°, 60°, 50°, 45°and 40°of the wire antenna on the antenna parameters such as resonant frequency, S11, VSWR, gain and radiation pattern. A broadband four element equivalent circuit model of a straight dipole is used with some modifications in the R, L, C equations for the new bent wire dipole antenna by utilizing the bent angle. The frequency response of the equivalent circuit model, calculated resonant frequency values using the equations and the simulated results of the bent wire dipole antenna is compared and analyzed. As the antenna placement area inside the anechoic chamber is limited, the size of the 10MHz antenna has been scaled down by a factor of 0.01. This modifies the resonant frequency of the new structure to 1GHz. The scaled down antenna system are simulated, analyzed and tested in a GTEM cell. For bandwidth improvement of the 10 MHz antenna, a lumped element matching circuit has been designed and simulated.

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Helicopter-borne GPR systems: A way from ice thickness measurements to geological applications

Cited by 12 publications

References 3 publications

Recent evolution of Marmolada glacier (Dolomites, Italy) by means of ground and airborne GPR surveys

Recent evolution of Marmolada glacier (Dolomites, Italy) by means of ground and airborne GPR surveys

Mapping Subsurface Archaeology with SAR

Analysis of Bent Wire Antenna Resonant Frequency for Different Bent Angles

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