Helminth infections: the great neglected tropical diseases

Hotez, Peter J.; Brindley, Paul J.; Bethony, Jeffrey M.; King, Charles H.; Pearce, Edward J.; Jacobson, Julie

doi:10.1172/jci34261

Cited by 1,342 publications

(1,255 citation statements)

References 160 publications

(179 reference statements)

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“…The fact that several orally available, relatively safe and efficacious drugs, developed initially for the veterinary market, exist has been a disincentive towards development, as has the fact that many of the helminthiases are not in themselves life threatening. However, with the realization that these neglected tropical diseases do have a huge impact on human populations, interest in this area has been reinvigorated (Hotez et al 2008). With it comes a new series of challenges around targeting organisms that pass through multiple life-cycle stages in their host (targeting adult vs larval worm stages requires different compounds in many cases) (Taylor et al 2013).…”

Section: T H E C H a N G I N G D R U G D E V E L O P M E N T L A N Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging paradigms in anti-infective drug design

Barrett

Croft

2014

Parasitology

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The need for new drugs to treat microbial infections is pressing. The great progress made in the middle part of the twentieth Century was followed by a period of relative inactivity as the medical needs relating to infectious disease in the wealthier nations receded. Growing realisation that anti-infectives are needed in many parts of the world, to treat neglected diseases as well as to combat the burgeoning risk of resistance to existing drugs, has galvanised a new wave of research into anti-microbial drugs. The transfer of knowledge from the Pharmaceutical industry relating to the importance of understanding how to target drugs successfully within the body, and improved understanding of how pathogens interact with their hosts, is driving a series of new paradigms in anti-infective drug design. Here we provide an overview of those processes as an introduction to a series of articles from experts in this area that emerged from a meeting entitled “Emerging Paradigms in Anti-Infective Drug Design” held in London on the 17th and 18th September 2012. The symposium was organised jointly by British Society for Parasitology (BSP) and the Biological & Medicinal Chemistry sector of the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) and held at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. The symposium set out to cover all aspects of the identification of new therapeutic modalities for the treatment of neglected and tropical diseases. We aimed to bring together leading scientists from all the disciplines working in this field and cover the pharmacology, medicinal chemistry and drug delivery of potential new medicines. Sessions were held on: “Target diseases and targets for drugs”, “Target based medicinal chemistry”, “Bioavailability and chemistry”, “Targeting intracellular microbes”, “Alternative approaches and models”, and “New anti-infectives – how do we get there?”This symposium was organised by Simon Croft (LSHTM) and Mike Barrett (University of Glasgow) for the BSP, and David Alker (David Alker Associates) and Andrew Stachulski (University of Liverpool) for the Biological & Medicinal Chemistry sector of the RSC.

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Section: T H E C H a N G I N G D R U G D E V E L O P M E N T L A N Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging paradigms in anti-infective drug design

Barrett

Croft

2014

Parasitology

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“…Recently, it was predicted that about 5·7 million of the 41·5 million SAC in Nigeria are infected with any species of the STH, with an overall predicted prevalence of 13·8% (Oluwole et al 2015). Infections have been shown to contribute to deleterious health such as anaemia, growth stunting, protein-calorie malnutrition, fatigue and poor cognitive development (Hotez et al 2008). The World Health Organization therefore recommended annual or bi-annual deworming of school children for STH with prevalence cut-offs of 20 or 50% in endemic school populations, respectively (WHO, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A preliminary survey of school-based water, sanitation, hygiene (WASH) resources and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in eight public schools in Odeda LGA, Ogun State, Nigeria

et al. 2017

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This cross-sectional study was undertaken to assess the status of school-based water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) resources and soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) in Odeda, Ogun State, Nigeria. The status and condition of WASH resources were determined in eight selected schools (three with WASH support and five without). Stool samples were also collected from 428 pupils from both school categories and screened for STH infections. Findings showed that water and sanitation conditions of WASH resource programming schools were better than those in schools without WASH support. However, pupils' knowledge about STH infections and basic hygiene were not significantly different between both categories of school (P > 0·05). The prevalence of Hookworm, Ascariasis and Trichuriasis cases recorded were 26·2, 18·2 and 1·6% respectively, with an overall prevalence of 33·4%. By school categories, Ascariasis (14·9 vs 20·6), Hookworm (17·7 vs 32·0), Trichuriasis (1·7 vs 1·6) and, any STH prevalence (27·4 vs 37·5) were recorded for schools with WASH resource programming and those without respectively. A greater portion of the infected children 95 (66·4%) were from schools without WASH support. Our findings imply that WASH resource may have very positive impact on the control of STH among school children. However, there is need for improvement on coverage, adequacy and maintenance of WASH facilities in school.

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“…6,7 Children and pregnant women are most vulnerable to the detrimental effects of soil-transmitted helminth infections, among them anemia, nutritional deficiencies, and impairments in cognitive and physical development. [8][9][10][11] Preventive chemotherapy, i.e., the periodic administration of anthelmintic drugs to entire populations or high-risk groups (e.g., school-aged children), is the hallmark of the control strategy currently advocated by the World Health Organization (WHO). Single-dose albendazole (400 mg) or mebendazole (500 mg) are used in virtually all preventive chemotherapy schemes against soil-transmitted helminthiasis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Re-Infection with Soil-Transmitted Helminths after Triple-Dose Albendazole Treatment of School-Aged Children in Yunnan, People's Republic of China

Yap

Du²,

Fang-wei³

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Post-treatment soil-transmitted helminth re-infection patterns were studied as part of a randomized controlled trial among school-aged children from an ethnic minority group in Yunnan province, People's Republic of China. Children with a soil-transmitted helminth infection (N = 194) were randomly assigned to triple-dose albendazole or placebo and their infection status monitored over a 6-month period using the Kato-Katz and Baermann techniques. Baseline prevalence of Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, and Strongyloides stercoralis were 94.5%, 93.3%, 61.3%, and 3.1%, respectively, with more than half of the participants harboring triple-species infections. For the intervention group (N = 99), the 1-month post-treatment cure rates were 96.7%, 91.5%, and 19.6% for hookworm, A. lumbricoides, and T. trichiura, respectively. Egg reduction rates were above 88% for all three species. Rapid re-infection with A. lumbricoides was observed: the prevalence 4 and 6 months post-treatment was 75.8% and 83.8%, respectively. Re-infection with hookworm and T. trichiura was considerably slower.

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Helminth infections: the great neglected tropical diseases

Cited by 1,342 publications

References 160 publications

Emerging paradigms in anti-infective drug design

Emerging paradigms in anti-infective drug design

A preliminary survey of school-based water, sanitation, hygiene (WASH) resources and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in eight public schools in Odeda LGA, Ogun State, Nigeria

Rapid Re-Infection with Soil-Transmitted Helminths after Triple-Dose Albendazole Treatment of School-Aged Children in Yunnan, People's Republic of China

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