Hemangiomas, Vascular Malformations, and Lymphovenous Malformations

Jackson, Ian T.; Carreño, Raphael; Potparić, Zoran; Hussain, Karim

doi:10.1097/00006534-199306000-00006

Cited by 392 publications

(233 citation statements)

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“…Absolute ethanol, as well as sodium tetradecyl sulfate (3) have been used as embolizing agents for peripheral AVMs. Complications of sclerosing agents include acute or chronic nerve palsy and recurrence of the lesion (3,5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An arteriovenous malformation of the external ear in the pediatric population: A case report and review of the literature

et al. 2009

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T he literature regarding arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the external ear is sparse. Most of the treatment paradigms described in these papers include preoperative angiogram with or without embolization, followed by surgical excision. Here we present a case of a patient clinically diagnosed with an AVM of the external ear that was managed empirically with surgical excision, without recurrence. Our opinion is that these lesions can be excised without preoperative angiogram and/or embolization as long as they are small, well circumscribed and do not have clinical evidence of extensive collaterals. case presentationA 15-year-old male patient was referred for evaluation of an enlarging pulsatile mass of the left pinna. The patient noticed the mass two years before presentation. It was described as slow growing with intermittent pain. The patient denied bleeding or drainage from the mass. On examination, there was a 1.5 cm pulsatile, firm, but compressible mass of the inferior pinna, with an audible bruit. The mass extended from the helical rim inferiorly to the inferior sulcus of the ear (Figure 1). There was no evidence of superficial collaterals, ulcerations or active bleeding. Because of the high clinical suspicion of an AVM, the patient underwent excision of the lesion (Figure 2). Postoperatively, the patient was evaluated in the office at one, two and four weeks following resection without recurrence of a mass, pulsation or bruit. Final pathology revealed a benign AVM. To date there has been no clinical recurrence (Figure 3) DiscussionThe arterial origin of external ear vascular malformations can be from the posterior auricular, occipital, temporal and an occipital branch of the extracranial vertebral artery (2). Enlargement of the AVM may be triggered by trauma, infection or hormonal influences, such as pregnancy and puberty. Clinical manifestations of AVM are related to abnormal perfusion and mass effect.The exact pathogenesis of an AVM has not been clearly defined. One theory states that these malformations arise during fetal development as a result of the failure of regression of arteriovenous channels in the primitive retiform plexus. It has

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An arteriovenous malformation of the external ear in the pediatric population: A case report and review of the literature

et al. 2009

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“…Correction of advanced forms of above mentioned lesions is very difficult, and in particular it applies to deforming, life-threatening hemangiomas, whose resection is extremely difficult and risky. [31][32][33] In most severe cases, despite superselective embolisation followed by immediate resection, complete eradication turns out to be incomplete. Postoperative mutilations, such as total or partial facial nerve paralysis or large defects and deformities, can be very distressing.…”

Section: Principles Of Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The treatment of facial asymmetry: Review

Kobus

Kobus-Zaleśna

2017

Adv Clin Exp Med

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Some degree of congenital or acquired asymmetry is normal and universal. Significant facial asymmetry, however, causes both aesthetic, as well as functional problems. The comprehensive management of facial symmetry is scarcely addressed.1-5 Differing etiologies, heterogeneous material, and different ages of patients tend to produce fragmentary reports, the more so as evidence-based evaluation of outcomes is almost impossible. Therefore, a presentation of the general rules of treatment, illustrated by our own material collected from the Hospital and Clinic of Plastic Surgery in Polanica-Zdrój and from private surgical and orthodontic practice, could be regarded as useful and justified. Special attention has been given to both functional and cosmetic problems encountered in severe congenital and acquired asymmetries. The management of selected craniofacial malformations in so-called rare clefts, cleft lip and palate, and craniofacial microsomia (CFM), as well as large hemangiomas and neurofibromas, have been discussed. Additionally, the treatment of extensive and asymmetrical post-traumatic deformities and defects is discussed with particular attention given to problems related to ankylosis of the temporomandibular joints. Numerous examples of one-stage procedures, as well as combined, multidisciplinary treatments are presented.

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“…In 1999, Waner and Suen took the ISS-VA classification and sought to clear up some ambiguities and created what was considered a more clinically useful classification system. 2 (Table) In the ISSVA's update of the classification system, aside from the morphologic and clinical differences, the immunohistochemical aspects played an important role in the categorization, and in biological studies since 1982 the apparent differences between tumors and malformations have been revealed. Vascular Tumors Hemangiomas Hemangiomas are the most commonly occurring vascular tumors and are the most commonly seen vascular tumors in children, with an incidence of 10%.…”

Section: Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%