Hematological and biochemical profiles and histopathological evaluation of experimental intoxication by sodium fluoroacetate in cats

Abstract

<jats:p> Sodium fluoroacetate (SFAC) is a potent rodenticide, largely used for rodent and domestic pest control. The toxic effects of SFAC are caused by fluoroacetate, a toxic metabolite, whose toxic action blocks the Krebs cycle and also induces the accumulation of citrate in the body, which is a serum calcium chelator. The most common clinical signs of this intoxication are the cardiac and neurological effects. However, the hematological, biochemical and histopathological findings occurring in intoxication are still unknown in different species. In the present study, 16 domestic cats were experimentally intoxicated with oral doses of fluoroacetate (0.45 mg/kg). The hematological and biochemical profiles and histopathological findings were made to look for auxiliary diagnosis methods in SFAC intoxications. The hematological profile showed transitory leucopenia and thrombocytopenia; in the biochemical profiles were detected hyperglycemia, increase of creatinequinase enzyme (CK) and creatinequinase cardiac isoenzyme (CK-MB), hypokalemia and hypophosfatemia. In the macroscopic and histopathological findings were observed lesions characteristic of degenerative and ischemic processes in heart, kidneys, liver, brain and lungs. These changes may be auxiliary to the diagnosis of intoxication by SFAC in cats, when associated with clinical signs described for the species. Thus, the complete blood count with platelet count, serum glucose, enzymes CK and CK-MB isoenzyme, as well as the electrolytes potassium and phosphorus, can facilitate the laboratory diagnosis during intoxication by SFAC, associated with the pathological findings in the case of death of the intoxicated animal. </jats:p>

Methylene blue and monosodium glutamate improve neurologic signs after fluoroacetate poisoning

“…These data are also consistent with transcriptomic analysis predicting the activation of IL‐8 that recruits neutrophils. The leucopenia observed in exposed animals is consistent with other models of 1080 intoxication 18 …”

“…In the past 10 years, the identification of 1080 intoxication in livestock doi: 10.1111/nyas.14347 and domesticated animals has continued to be a focus. [15][16][17][18] These studies have been complemented by novel strategies to identify 1080 contamination in food and water sources. 19,20 However, despite ongoing research, there is still no reliable treatment for intoxication.…”

“…The lack of specific signs and symptoms combined with the delayed onset complicates efforts to diagnose poisoning. In the past 10 years, the identification of 1080 intoxication in livestock and domesticated animals has continued to be a focus 15–18 . These studies have been complemented by novel strategies to identify 1080 contamination in food and water sources 19,20 .…”

Plasma fluoroacetic acid concentrations: Symptoms, hematological, and biochemical characteristics in patients with fluoroacetic acid poisoning in the emergency department

“…6,8 A few studies on FAcOH are animals' experiments, such as sheep, cat, or rat. [9][10][11] FAcOH has been reported to produce hematological and biochemical changes in different animal species. 1,10 There are significant species variations in the clinical presentation of FAcOH intoxication.…”

“…[9][10][11] FAcOH has been reported to produce hematological and biochemical changes in different animal species. 1,10 There are significant species variations in the clinical presentation of FAcOH intoxication. 12 Also, published reports of physiological and biochemical responses to FAcOH are rather controversial.…”