Heme oxygenase induction by cyanidin‐3‐O‐β‐glucoside in cultured human endothelial cells

Abstract

The aim of the present research was to investigate the effect of cyanidin-3-O-b-glucoside (C3G) on heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS) and dimethylarginine dimethylamino hydrolase-2 (DDAH-2) expression in cultured endothelial cells. Different concentrations (0.00625 -250 lM) of C3G were tested in order to investigate possible beneficial and harmful effects of C3G. Our data demonstrated that C3G increased the induction of eNOS and HO-1 in a dose-dependent manner. Higher concentration (62.5 -250 lM) also resulted in increase of isoprostane, cGMP and PGE 2 levels and in induction of iNOS with consequent oxidative stress. In conclusion, our data evidence that C3G may exert various protective effects against endothelial dysfunction, whereas potentially harmful effects of C3G appear to be limited to concentrations very difficult to be reached in physiological conditions unless there is abundant oral supplementation.

Red Orange: Experimental Models and Epidemiological Evidence of Its Benefits on Human Health

“…The antioxidant properties of anthocyanins, and especially of the C3G, depend on their radical scavenging and inhibitory effects on lipid peroxidation [2, 47] by their strong oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and nitric oxide (NO) and cyclooxygenase inhibitory activities [48–50] (Table 3). Given the unstable nature of anthocyanins under natural conditions, it was believed that such molecules would not have antioxidant activity in living systems but many studies, instead, have demonstrated the antioxidant activity of C3G also in in vivo experiments [51].…”

Different effects of anthocyanins and phenolic acids from wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) on monocytes adhesion to endothelial cells in a TNF‐α stimulated proinflammatory environment

“…It is important to underline that the effects of ACNs and PAs are not limited to the modulation of inflammation. These compounds have been demonstrated to affect several functions directly or indirectly related to endothelial function and inflammation such as oxidative stress, capillary permeability, platelet aggregation, thrombus formation, nitric oxide production, and atherogenesis . In this regard, we recently documented that certain ACNs and the PA rich fraction (RF) were able to counteract lipid accumulation in macrophages derived from monocytic THP‐1 cells; however, when considering the single compounds, the effects were concentration and compound dependent .…”

Heme Oxygenase in the Regulation of Vascular Biology: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Opportunities

“…Recent study suggests that lipid-lowering fibrates and insulin-sensitizing thiazolidinediones can be used as potential therapeutics since these drugs induce HO-1 expression via activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-a (136). Besides the aforementioned drugs, naturally occurring polyphenols are also able to induce HO-1 expression (242,252), suggesting that a considerable part of the protective effects of fruit consumption against cardiovascular diseases could be mediated through HO-1 pathway.…”