Hemicerebellectomy blocks the enhancement of cortical motor output associated with repetitive somatosensory stimulation in the rat

Nordeyn, Oulad Ben Taib; Manto, Mario‐Ubaldo; Pandolfo, Massimo; Brotchi, Jacques

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2005.088229

Cited by 40 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…It has been shown that peripheral electrical somatosensory stimulation increases contralateral M1 excitability reflected in increased MEP amplitudes in healthy humans and animals [190, 191]. In rodents, this effect is blocked by cerebellar lesions [191–193] indicating that the cerebellum facilitates this type of plasticity.…”

Section: The Cerebellum and Control Of Corticomotor Excitability (Abmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consensus Paper: Roles of the Cerebellum in Motor Control—The Diversity of Ideas on Cerebellar Involvement in Movement

Manto¹,

et al. 2011

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Considerable progress has been made in developing models of cerebellar function in sensorimotor control, as well as in identifying key problems that are the focus of current investigation. In this consensus paper, we discuss the literature on the role of the cerebellar circuitry in motor control, bringing together a range of different viewpoints. The following topics are covered: oculomotor control, classical conditioning (evidence in animals and in humans), cerebellar control of motor speech, control of grip forces, control of voluntary limb movements, timing, sensorimotor synchronization, control of corticomotor excitability, control of movement-related sensory data acquisition, cerebro-cerebellar interaction in visuokinesthetic perception of hand movement, functional neuroimaging studies, and magnetoencephalographic mapping of cortico-cerebellar dynamics. While the field has yet to reach a consensus on the precise role played by the cerebellum in movement control, the literature has witnessed the emergence of broad proposals that address cerebellar function at multiple levels of analysis. This paper highlights the diversity of current opinion, providing a framework for debate and discussion on the role of this quintessential vertebrate structure.

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Section: The Cerebellum and Control Of Corticomotor Excitability (Abmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consensus Paper: Roles of the Cerebellum in Motor Control—The Diversity of Ideas on Cerebellar Involvement in Movement

Manto¹,

et al. 2011

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“…Experimentally, potentiation of the corticomotor response is induced by preceding trains of repetitive stimuli applied to a peripheral nerve [25, 26]. The cerebellum is involved in this potentiation since removal of the cerebellar hemisphere impairs this short-term potentiation [27]. In addition to MEPs, the effects of the cerebellar hemisphere on contralateral motor cortex can be examined using a protocol of cerebellocortical inhibition (CCI).…”

Section: Evidence Suggesting Pathogenesis Of Gad65 In Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That is, MEPs decrease in magnitude when stimulation of a cerebellar hemisphere is applied 2.1 msec before stimulation of the contralateral motor cortex [26]. Mechanistically, stimulation of the inhibitory cerebellar PCs inhibits motor cortex activity through the deep cerebellar nuclei-thalamus-motor cortex pathway (see diagram in Figure 1(a)) [23–27]. The inhibition of cerebellar cortex upon cerebellar nuclei is a key mechanism of cerebellar circuitry [23–27].…”

Section: Evidence Suggesting Pathogenesis Of Gad65 In Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenic Roles of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 65 Autoantibodies in Cerebellar Ataxias

Mitoma

Manto²,

Hampe

2017

Journal of Immunology Research

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Reports suggesting a pathogenic role of autoantibodies directed against glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65Abs) in cerebellar ataxias (CAs) are reviewed, and debatable issues such as internalization of antibodies by neurons and roles of epitopes are discussed. GAD65 is one of two enzymes that catalyze the conversion of glutamate to the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). A pathogenic role of GAD65Ab in CAs is suggested by in vivo and in vitro studies. (1) Intracerebellar administration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immunoglobulins (IgGs) obtained from GAD65Ab-positive CA patients impairs cerebellar modulation of motor control in rats. (2) CSF IgGs act on terminals of GABAergic neurons and decrease the release of GABA in cerebellar slices from rats and mice. (3) Absorption of GAD65Ab by recombinant GAD65 diminishes the above effects, and monoclonal human GAD65Ab (b78) mimic the effects of CSF IgGs in vivo and in vitro. Studies using GAD65-KO mice confirm that the target molecule is GAD65. (4) Notably, the effects of GAD65Ab depend on the epitope specificity of the monoclonal GAD65Ab. Taken together, these results indicate that epitope-specific GAD65Ab-induced impairment of GABA release is involved in the pathogenesis of GAD65Ab-positive CA and support the early detection of GAD65Ab-associated CA to initiate immunotherapy before irreversible neuronal death in the cerebellum.

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“…In monkeys, microstimulation of deep cerebellar nuclei often increases the likelihood of discharge of contralateral M1 neurons [2]. In rats, hemicerebellectomy decreases ICF [21] and blocks facilitatory effects of somatosensory stimulation on M1 excitability [22]. The latter phenomenon is also observed after inhibition of the interpositus nucleus [23, 24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interhemispheric Asymmetry of Corticomotor Excitability After Chronic Cerebellar Infarcts

et al. 2010

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Early after stroke, there is loss of intracortical facilitation (ICF) and increase in short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) in the primary motor cortex (M1) contralateral to a cerebellar infarct. Our goal was to investigate intracortical M1 function in the chronic stage following cerebellar infarcts (>4 months). We measured resting motor threshold (rMT), SICI, ICF, and ratios between motor-evoked potential amplitudes (MEP) and supramaximal M response amplitudes (MEP/M; %), after transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied to the M1 contralateral (M1contralesional) and ipsilateral (M1ipsilesional) to the cerebellar infarct in patients and to both M1s of healthy age-matched volunteers. SICI was decreased in M1contralesional compared to M1ipsilesional in the patient group in the absence of side-to-side differences in controls. There were no significant interhemispheric or between-group differences in rMT, ICF, or MEP/M (%). Our results document disinhibition of M1contralesional in the chronic phase after cerebellar stroke.

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Hemicerebellectomy blocks the enhancement of cortical motor output associated with repetitive somatosensory stimulation in the rat

Cited by 40 publications

References 32 publications

Consensus Paper: Roles of the Cerebellum in Motor Control—The Diversity of Ideas on Cerebellar Involvement in Movement

Consensus Paper: Roles of the Cerebellum in Motor Control—The Diversity of Ideas on Cerebellar Involvement in Movement

Pathogenic Roles of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 65 Autoantibodies in Cerebellar Ataxias

Interhemispheric Asymmetry of Corticomotor Excitability After Chronic Cerebellar Infarcts

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