Hemmung der Infloreszenzbildung durch Langtag bei der Kurztagspflanze Kalanchoë Blossfeldiana

Harder, Richard; Westphal, Maria; Behrens, Gertrud

doi:10.1007/bf01909356

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Results of an experiment in which various parts of the lamina were given SD treatment (Fig. 1), confirm those obtained by other workers (1,7,9). Induction of the basal leaf half only was as effective as inducing the whole blade, while induction of the apical half, with the basal half in LD, resulted in a much reduced flowering response.…”

Section: Induction Of Various Parts Of a Single Leafsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Further experiments were designed to find treatments that could reduce or eliminate this LD inhibition of flowering. It had been shown in earlier work (7,9) that removal of the basal, noninduced leaf half restored flowering. Our results (Table IV) confirm this and further show that this treatment became less effective, the later the LD base was cut away.…”

Section: Induction Of Various Parts Of a Single Leafmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Most notable among these are experiments in which an inductive treatment was given either to the basal or to the apical half of a leaf. Chailakhyan (1) working with the SDP4 Perilla, Harder et al (9) with the SDP Kalanchoe, and Gibby and Salisbury (7) with the SDP Xanthium found that while induction given to the basal half of a leaf caused flowering, the effect of the induced apical half was strongly inhibited or completely suppressed by the noninduced tissue. The inhibition in Perilla was entirely removed by keeping the basal half in continuous darkness (1).…”

Section: Supported By United States Energy Research and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Translocation Patterns in Xanthium in Relation to Long Day Inhibition of Flowering

Zeevaart

Brede²,

Cetas³

1977

Plant Physiol.

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The nature of long day inhibition of flowering in the short day plant Xanthium strumarium L. wa studied by correlating the flowering response with the transocation of '4C-asimiates from induced leaves or parts thereof to the shoot tips.In contrast to an earlier study by Gibby and Salisbury (Plant Physiol 1971 47: 784-789) (9) with the SDP Kalanchoe, and Gibby and Salisbury (7) with the SDP Xanthium found that while induction given to the basal half of a leaf caused flowering, the effect of the induced apical half was strongly inhibited or completely suppressed by the noninduced tissue. The inhibition in Perilla was entirely removed by keeping the basal half in continuous darkness (1). Gibby and Salisbury (7) concluded that LD inhibition of flowering in Xanthium by the noninduced basal leaf half is a localized condition that intercepts and inactivates the floral stimulus, hence the requirement that in order to be inhibitory, LD tissue must be located between the induced leaf and the receiving bud.There is also evidence that immature leaves which might be expected to attract photosynthate to a shoot do actually inhibit flower formation. For example, immature leaves left on the receptor branch of a two-branched Xanthium plant partially inhibited the flowering response caused by the donor branch (14). Gibby and Salisbury (7) reported that an immature Xanthium leaf kept in LD completely suppressed the flowerpromoting effect of a leaf in SD. It is possible that in these cases the immature noninduced leaves were still sinks that attracted assimilates flowing to the shoot tip. Thus, the floral stimulus would be diverted from the receptor bud.The objective of this study was to investigate the possible involvement of translocation effects in LD inhibition of flowering in Xanthium. Induced leaves or parts thereof were labeled with 14CO2, and the movement of "4C-labeled assimilates out of the leaves to the shoot tips was determined by autoradiography and by counting the amount of radioactivity that accumulated in the shoot tips. In parallel experiments the flowering response was measured in plants that received the same photoperiodic treatments as the labeled plants. Our results indicate that the flowering response is correlated with the amount of 14C activity that was translocated from induced tissue to the receptor shoot tips.'Abbreviations: LD: long day(s); SD: short day(s); LDP: long day plant(s);

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Section: Induction Of Various Parts Of a Single Leafsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Induction Of Various Parts Of a Single Leafmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Supported By United States Energy Research and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Translocation Patterns in Xanthium in Relation to Long Day Inhibition of Flowering

Zeevaart

Brede²,

Cetas³

1977

Plant Physiol.

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“…Earlier shading experiments of Chailakhyan (3) with Perilla and of Harder et al (12) with Kalanchoe suggested a similar requirement for high light intensities in LD inhibition of flowering in short day plants. Furthermore, Chailakhyan (3) also reported that inhibition of flowering by a LD leaf could be simulated by supplying a 3% solution of sucrose to the cut stump of the petiole.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…A similar dependence on vascular connections and on the availability of alternate sources of assimilates is also important for transport of the floral stimulus (16). For example, in Kalanchoe blossfeldiana, Harder et al (12) found that noninduced leaves inhibited flowering only when they were inserted in the same orthostichy between a donor leaf and the receptor bud. Active photosynthesis was required for this inhibition.…”

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confidence: 99%

Floral Stimulus Movement in Perilla and Flower Inhibition Caused by Noninduced Leaves

King

Zeevaart²

1973

Plant Physiol.

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Photoperiodic control of flowering in the short day plant PeriUa involves the transmission of a floral stimulus from induced leaves to the shoot apex. We have studied the basipetal movement of this stimulus and of '4C-labeled assimilates in plants with an induced leaf (donor) grafted into the uppermost internode of a vegetative plant in which the axillary shoots at various nodes along the stem function as receptors.In agreement with earlier autoradiographic studies by Chailakhyan and Butenko (Transl. Fiziol. Rast. 1957, 4:426-438), a quantitative relationship was found between flower formation and the transport of labeled assimilates from the donor leaf into receptor shoots. The presence of noninduced leaves (i.e., leaves maintained on long day) on the receptor plant prevents flowering and assimilate import by shoots in the axils of the long day leaves and by shoots at nodes in the same orthostichy lower down on the stem. All these vegetative shoots import assimilates from the long day leaves.Both the floral stimulus and the inhibitory effects of long day leaves are translocated basipetally over long distances and in specific parts of the vascular system which correspond to specific orthostichies of the stem. Movement in the xylem of the stain safranin indicates that assimilates from the long day leaves and from the donor can be transported in distinct regions of the vascular bundles in the stem. The pattern of assimilate distribution evidently depends on the pattern of vascular anatomy and on the relative contribution by the various sources of assimilates.A light intensity close to that saturating for photosynthesis saturates long day inhibition of flowering. Moreover, under the appropriate experimental conditions, inhibition is not only caused by leaves in long day, but also by those in short day or darkness.Apparently the floral stimulus moves in parallel with the assimilates in the phloem of Perilla, so that the pattern of assimilate distribution from different leaves determines the pattern of movement of the floral stimulus. It is, therefore, concluded that long day inhibition of flowering in Perilla is the result of competition between assimilate streams originating in the donor and long day leaves. A specific transmissible

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Physiology of flower initiation

Lang¹

1965

Differenzierung Und Entwicklung / Differentiation and Development

308

305

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A. lntroduction. I. Objectives of the chapter. Earlier reviews.Flower initiation marks the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth in seed plants. It is thus a crucial event in the life of these plants, particularly so because of the peculiar relation of vegetative and reproductive development in seed plants which is in turn an outcome of the morphological nature of the flower. Flowers are modified shoots which are produced by modified shoot meristems, the flower primordia. However, once a meristem has been determined as a flower primordium, it is usually unable-except perhaps at the very earliest stages -of reverting to vegetative growth. Vegetative growth and reproductive development in seed plants are thus in a certain sense mutually exclusive; as far as a particular meristem is concerned, flower initiation means the end of its life. The central problern of the physiology of flower initiation is to understand which factors cause a shoot meristem to become a flower primordium, and how they consummate their action.The objective of this chapter is to summarize our present information on this subject. However, certain aspects of the physiology of flower initiation, particularly those dealing with the control of this process by certain environmental factors, are treated in detail in volume XVI of this encyclopedia 1 ; some of these, particularly the more descriptive ones, will be reviewed here relatively briefly. There is also a considerable number of reviews and books dealing either with the entire physiology of flowering, or with certain phases of it. Among the reviews, we may name those by MELCHERS and LANG (1948b), , DoORENBOS and WELLENSIEK (1959), ÜHOUARD (1960), SALISBURY (1961) and ZEEVAART (1962); among the books, the recent one by HILLMAN (1962b) in which one author has summarized the entire field from his point of view-however, with exemplary objectivity -, and several, somewhat older collective volumes in which, or parts of which, several authors discuss individual aspects of flowering physiology (MuRNEEK and WmTE 1948, R. B. WITHROW 1959, Anon. 1959. II. Endogenous and exogenous control of ßower initiation. lnductive effects.Like any other physiological process, flower initiation is ultimately determined by the genotype of the plant. In a considerable number of plants, the

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Hemmung der Infloreszenzbildung durch Langtag bei der Kurztagspflanze Kalanchoë Blossfeldiana

Cited by 26 publications

References 4 publications

Translocation Patterns in Xanthium in Relation to Long Day Inhibition of Flowering

Translocation Patterns in Xanthium in Relation to Long Day Inhibition of Flowering

Floral Stimulus Movement in Perilla and Flower Inhibition Caused by Noninduced Leaves

Physiology of flower initiation

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