“…Previous reports have shown binding of different protein or peptide interlayers, such as growth factors, 18 albumin, fibrinogen, IgG, 13,19 fibronectin, 20 collagen type 1, 21 BMP-2, 18,22 RGD peptide, 23 and laminin-derived peptide, 24 to TiO 2 nanotubes (NTs), which could provide for crucial information concerning their integration into the body. The majority of the more recent investigations studied the combination of different cell types with different prebound proteins 25,26 on TiO 2 NTs and found that binding is cell-specific and cannot be generalized.…”