Hemodynamic Events in Laminitis

Peroni, John F.; Eades, Susan C.; Bailey, S. R.

doi:10.1002/9781119169239.ch11

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Neither was thrombosis of blood vessels detected by ultrasonographic examination on this day. Ruzickova and colleagues (2017) suggested that the hoof capsule avulsion observed in the three horses in their report could have similar pathophysiological mechanisms to some cases of laminitis, where minor disruptions in digital microvascular perfusion may lead to swelling of endothelial cells, lamellar capillary congestion, oedema and microvascular thrombi (Hood, 1999; Hood et al., 1993; Peroni et al., 2017) resulting in hoof compartment syndrome and a self‐perpetuating cycle of damage. Although most reported cases of laminitis occurring secondary to limb cellulitis have involved the contralateral limbs, there are a small number of reports where laminitis occurred in the same limb as the cellulitis (Adam & Southwood, 2007; Markel et al., 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Equine limb cellulitis/lymphangitis resulting in distal limb ischaemia and avulsion of the hoof capsule

Duggan

Mair

Fews³

2021

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary Limb cellulitis/lymphangitis is a well‐recognised syndrome in horses, but there are limited published reports concerning outcomes and complications. This report describes a horse with hindlimb cellulitis/lymphangitis that developed ischaemia of the distal limb resulting in necrosis of the suspensory ligament branches and avulsion of the hoof capsule. A 16‐year‐old Thoroughbred mare was referred for further investigation and treatment of a left hindlimb cellulitis/lymphangitis. The culture of a swab taken from superficial pustules on the leg yielded a moderate growth of coliform bacteria and a profuse growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Treatment included systemic antimicrobials (based on the results of culture and sensitivity), phenylbutazone, dexamethasone, morphine and paracetamol. Following some initial clinical improvement, hyperextension of the metatarsophalangeal joint was noted on Day 5 of hospitalisation. Complete avulsion of the ipsilateral hoof capsule occurred on Day 10, and the horse was immediately euthanised. A limited post‐mortem examination revealed necrosis of the suspensory ligament branches. Fibrin thrombi, interstitial haemorrhage and oedema were identified in the suspensory ligament branches and adjacent subcutaneous tissues, with thrombi in relatively large vessels. The dermal laminae were extensively necrotic, and the majority of the lamellar vasculature contained fibrin thrombi.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Equine limb cellulitis/lymphangitis resulting in distal limb ischaemia and avulsion of the hoof capsule

Duggan

Mair

Fews³

2021

Equine Veterinary Education

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“…The medial and lateral palmar/plantar arteries are one of the main vessels supplying blood from the common artery to the distal leg, including hoof. There is evidence that hemodynamic changes in hoof vessels can be a factor in laminitis prediction [50]. The most morphometric changes were observed in the digital arteries of obese horses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Influence of Obesity on Histological Tissue Structure of the Cardiovascular System in Horses

Siwińska

Janus

Żak

et al. 2022

Animals

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It has been well established that obesity in horses can have a negative impact on their health, including endocrine disturbances. In humans, it is well known that obesity leads to structural and functional changes of the cardiovascular system. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of obesity on the histological structure of the myocardial tissue, as well as great and peripheral arteries in horses. The heart, arteries (aorta, pulmonary artery and palmar arteries) specimens from 7 horses with normal BCS (4–5/9) and 12 extremely obese (BCS 9/9) draft slaughter horses were obtained for histopathological evaluation. The heart tissue and great arteries showed more intense disturbances in the architecture and vacuolization in the aorta in obese horses as compared to the healthy group. The intima in the pulmonary artery, coronary arteries and palmar arteries was thicker in the obese, rather than healthy horses. The palmar arteries in obese horses had a larger lumen diameter and the lumen-to-total diameter ratio as compared to the control group. The presented study showed a significant effect of obesity on the heart as well as the central and peripheral vessels in horses. This forms the basis for a deeper reflection on the impact of obesity on the equine body.

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Synchrotron CT of an equine digit at the Australian Synchrotron Imaging and Medical Beamline

Montgomery¹,

Klein²,

Boire³

et al. 2021

J Synchrotron Radiat

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Laminitis is an extremely painful and debilitating condition of horses that can affect their athletic ability and even quality of life. The current gold standard for assessment of laminar tissue is histology, which is the only modality that enables detailed visualization of the lamina. Histology requires dissection of the hoof and therefore can only represent one specific time point. The superior spatial and contrast resolution of synchrotron computed tomography (sCT), when compared with readily available imaging modalities, such as radiographs and conventional CT, provides an opportunity for detailed studies of the lamina without the need for hoof dissection and histological assessment. If the resolution of histology can be matched or even approached, dynamic events, such as laminar blood flow, could also be studied on the microscopic tissue level. To investigate this possible application of sCT further, two objectives are presented: (i) to develop a protocol for sCT of an equine digit using cadaver limbs and (ii) to apply the imaging protocol established during (i) for sCT imaging of the vasculature within the foot using an ex vivo perfusion system to deliver the vascular contrast. The hypotheses were that sCT would allow sufficient resolution for detailed visualization to the level of the secondary lamellae and associated capillaries within the equine digit. Synchrotron CT enabled good visualization of the primary lamellae (average length 3.6 mm) and the ex vivo perfusion system was able to deliver vascular contrast agent to the vessels of the lamina. The individual secondary lamellae (average length 0.142 mm) could not be seen in detail, although differentiation between primary and secondary lamellae was achieved. This approaches, but does not yet reach, the current gold standard, histology, for assessment of the lamellae; however, with further refinement of this imaging technique, improved resolution may be accomplished in future studies.

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Hemodynamic Events in Laminitis

Cited by 3 publications

References 51 publications

Equine limb cellulitis/lymphangitis resulting in distal limb ischaemia and avulsion of the hoof capsule

Equine limb cellulitis/lymphangitis resulting in distal limb ischaemia and avulsion of the hoof capsule

Influence of Obesity on Histological Tissue Structure of the Cardiovascular System in Horses

Synchrotron CT of an equine digit at the Australian Synchrotron Imaging and Medical Beamline

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