Hemodynamic Function at Rest, During Acute Stress, and in the Field

Kapuku, Gaston; Treiber, Frank A.; Davis, Harry; Harshfield, Gregory A.; Cook, Barton B.; Mensah, George A.

doi:10.1161/01.hyp.34.5.1026

Cited by 98 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Left ventricular posterior wall in diastole, interventricular septum in diastole, and left ventricular internal diameter in diastole were measured according to the American Society of Echocardiography convention. 20 LVM was calculated using the necropsy-validated formula of Devereux et al and normalized to BSA to obtain LVMI, 21, 22 Intra- and interrater coefficients of variation for all cardiac structures assessed were 10%. 23 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Pressure Trajectories From Childhood to Young Adulthood Associated With Cardiovascular Risk

et al. 2017

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To identify subgroups of individuals with similar trajectories in blood pressure (BP) from childhood to young adulthood, and to determine the relationship of BP trajectories with carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI). BP was measured up to 16 times over a 23-year period in 683 participants from childhood to young adulthood. IMT and LVMI were measured in 551 participants and 546 participants respectively. Using latent class models, three trajectory groups in BP from childhood to young adulthood were identified, including high-increasing (HI), moderate-increasing (MI) and low-increasing (LI) group. We found that trajectory of systolic blood pressure (SBP) was a significant predictor of both IMT and LVMI with increased rate of growth in SBP associated with higher levels of IMT and LVMI (P for trend <0.001). Similar to the BP trajectory groups from childhood to young adulthood, three trajectory groups in BP during childhood (≤18 years) were identified and participants in the HI group had thicker IMT (P <0.001) and increased LVMI (P =0.043) in comparison with those in the LI group. Results were similar for Mid-BP trajectories but not for diastolic BP trajectories. Our results suggested that different BP trajectories exist from childhood to young adulthood, and the trajectories were independently associated with IMT and LVMI. We for the first time reported the association between SBP trajectories derived from childhood with subclinical cardiovascular risk in young adulthood, indicating that monitoring trajectories of BP from childhood may help identify a high cardiovascular risk population in early life.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Pressure Trajectories From Childhood to Young Adulthood Associated With Cardiovascular Risk

et al. 2017

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“…Cardiovascular outcomes as indices of sympathetic activation to the heart (Kapuku et al, 1999) included systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR). Heart rate variability (HRV) expressed as the root mean square of successive N‐N differences (r‐MSSD, ms) was used as a measure of parasympathetic influence on the heart.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased reaction time variability is associated with greater cardiovascular responses to acute stress

et al. 2016

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Cardiovascular (CV) responses to mental stress are prospectively associated with poor CV outcomes. The association between CV responses to mental stress and reaction times (RTs) in aging individuals may be important but warrants further investigation. The present study assessed RTs to examine associations with CV responses to mental stress in healthy, older individuals using robust regression techniques. Participants were 262 men and women (mean age = 63.3 ± 5.5 years) from the Whitehall II cohort who completed a RT task (Stroop) and underwent acute mental stress (mirror tracing) to elicit CV responses. Blood pressure, heart rate, and heart rate variability were measured at baseline, during acute stress, and through a 75‐min recovery. RT measures were generated from an ex‐Gaussian distribution that yielded three predictors: mu‐RT, sigma‐RT, and tau‐RT, the mean, standard deviation, and mean of the exponential component of the normal distribution, respectively. Decreased intraindividual RT variability was marginally associated with greater systolic (B = −.009, SE = .005, p = .09) and diastolic (B = −.004, SE = .002, p = .08) blood pressure reactivity. Decreased intraindividual RT variability was associated with impaired systolic blood pressure recovery (B = −.007, SE = .003, p = .03) and impaired vagal tone (B = −.0047, SE = .0024, p = .045). Study findings offer tentative support for an association between RTs and CV responses. Despite small effect sizes and associations not consistent across predictors, these data may point to a link between intrinsic neuronal plasticity and CV responses.

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“…Family history of essential hypertension (EH) was defined as the occurrence of EH (i.e., SBP 140 mm Hg and/or DBP 90 mm Hg or antihypertensive medication) in 1 or both biological parents and a family history of premature myocardial infarction (MI) which was defined as the occurrence of MI in either biological parent or any biological grandparent before 55 years of age. Diagnosis of EH and of premature MI was verified by the subject’s physician or medical records 26, 27 . Inclusion criteria were: 1) African American or European American; 2) Healthy with no history of congenital heart defect or any chronic illness or health problem requiring pharmacological treatment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At minute 20, 5-ml blood samples were drawn. Following the baseline evaluation, the subject engaged in two laboratory stressors (viz., video game and forehead cold) using standardized protocols 26, 27, 29 . The 10-minute video game stressor "Break Out" (Atari Inc, USA) was presented under a monetary incentive challenge.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Race/ethnicity determines the relationships between oxidative stress markers and blood pressure in individuals with high cardiovascular disease risk

et al. 2016

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Oxidative stress (OS) and cardiovascular (CV) reactivity are related to CV morbidity and mortality. However, little is known about the relationships between these CV risk factors and their confounders. We hypothesize that higher OS is linked to higher blood pressure (BP) reactivity to acute laboratory stressors and in the natural setting. We studied 137 subjects with a family history of hypertension and early myocardial infarction. There were 63 European Americans (EA’s) (38 males) and 74 African Americans (AA’s) (35 males), aged 19 to 36(27.6+/−3.1). The protocol included a competitive video game, cold stressor, and ambulatory BP recording. Blood samples were drawn 6 times for OS markers (8-OHdG and 8-Isoprostane) assay. Repeated measures analyses of covariance were used to test for mean differences and Pearson correlations were used to test OS and BP associations. There were no significant race/ethnicity differences in BP reactivity to either stressor (both p’s>0.48). 8-OHdG levels were significantly lower across all time points for AA’s than for EA’s (p<0.05) while levels of 8-isoprostane did not differ significantly (p>.10). Averaged 8-OHdG levels significantly correlated with SBP reactivity (r=0.45, <0.01) and 24-hour, daytime, and nighttime SBP (r range=0.37 to 0.42, all p’s<0.02) for EA’s but not for AA’s, whereas 8-isoprostane levels were significantly correlated with reactive SBP and nighttime DBP (both r’s=0.38, p<0.01) for AA’s but not for EA’s. These findings suggest a link between OS and BP changes in subjects at high risk for CV disease. Further, race/ethnicity determines which OS marker will impact BP variation implying race/ethnicity differences in OS related mechanisms of CVD.

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Hemodynamic Function at Rest, During Acute Stress, and in the Field

Cited by 98 publications

References 31 publications

Blood Pressure Trajectories From Childhood to Young Adulthood Associated With Cardiovascular Risk

Blood Pressure Trajectories From Childhood to Young Adulthood Associated With Cardiovascular Risk

Decreased reaction time variability is associated with greater cardiovascular responses to acute stress

Race/ethnicity determines the relationships between oxidative stress markers and blood pressure in individuals with high cardiovascular disease risk

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