Hemolysis of Erythrocytes by Antibacterial Preservatives

Ansel, Howard C.; Cadwallader, Donald E.

doi:10.1002/jps.2600530213

Cited by 27 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This mode of cytotoxic action is also assumed to be at work in the destruction of erythrocytes by QAC (Ansel & Cadwallader, 1964;Cadwallader & Ansel, 1965). It is possible that this mechanism of cytotoxic activity is capable of killing other mammalian cells as well, including the inner ear soft tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ototoxic Effect of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

Aursnes

1982

Acta Oto-Laryngologica

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In earlier investigations by the author it has been shown that chlorhexidine, when introduced into the middle ear of guinea pigs, caused serious damage to the inner ear. The present investigation was performed in order to study if the quaternary ammonium compounds benzethonium chloride and benzalkonium chloride, frequently used for skin disinfection, can also induce inner ear damage when introduced into the tympanic cavity of guinea pigs. The disinfectants in question, at a concentration of 0.1 % and in a solution of aqua dest. or 70% alcohol, were introduced into the animals' middle ear for exposure times of 10, 30, or 60 min. The animals were sacrificed 2 or 9 weeks after the exposure and the organ of Corti and vestibular neuroepithelia were studied as surface preparations with phase contrast microscopy. It was found that most of the ears exposed to the disinfectants had suffered damage, affecting both the vestibular and cochlear parts of the inner ear. The extent of the damage was related both to the duration of exposure and to the length of the animals' survival after the exposure. Furthermore it was found that the tympanic cavity and the perilymphatic spaces of vestibulum and cochlea were pathologically changed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ototoxic Effect of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

Aursnes

1982

Acta Oto-Laryngologica

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“…In this laboratory the hemolytic activity of antibacterial preservatives commonly employed in the preservation of pharmaceutical products has been investigated (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). It was found in the majority of cases that the concentration of a preservative required to induce the total hemolysis of erythrocytes was similar to the concentration required for antibacterial preservation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Activity of Dimethyl Sulfoxide Against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus megaterium

Ansel

Norred

Roth

1969

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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“…1 and summarized in Table I. The data were collected for solutions of preservatives in 0.6% sodium chloride and compare well with the hemolytic data obtained previously for certain of the preservatives in 0.9% sodium chloride (2). By reducing the level of sodium chloride in the present study, dissolution of the various preservative agents was enhanced and yet the tonicity of the solution was maintained at a level sufficient to protect the erythrocytes from simple osmotic hemolysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…The group of commonly employed antimicrobial preservatives selected for this study includes members representing the various chemical classes of preservatives and for which the individual hemolytic activities could be readily characterized and quantitated (2). EXPERIMENTAL Materials-The dimethyl sulfoxide and the antimicrobial preservatives employed in this investigation were reagent grade and were obtained commercially.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%