Hemolytic Streptococci in Raw Market Milk

Gunnison, J. B.; Luxen, M. P.; Marshall, M. S.; Engle, B. Q.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(40)95545-x

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This report of glycerol fermentation by Streptococcus mastitidis is contrary to the results generally reported for this organism (Sherman, 1937). Gunnison, et al (1940b) reported that 17 of some 250 group B cultures "irregularly produced a slight amount of acid from glycerine" in a 7-day incubation period. Simmons and Keogh (1940) have reported all of 100 group B strains of human origin to ferment glycerol within a 2-week period.…”

Section: Resuiltscontrasting

confidence: 87%

The Fermentation of Glycerol by Streptococci

Gunsalus

Sherman

1943

J Bacteriol

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Although glycerol has been used as a test substrate in studies of the fermentation reactions of lactic acid bacteria the results obtained have not been completely satisfactory. Orla-Jensen (1919), using the amount of titratable acidity produced as a criterion of fermentation, has reported only one-fourth to one-half as much acid formed from glycerol as from glucose under analogous conditions. In addition, cultures reported as non-glycerol-fermenters frequently gave slightly higher-titrations than controls in the basic medium without glycerol. Less acid production from glycerol than from other substrates has also been reported by Fred, Peterson and Davenport (1920). Among the workers who detected fermentation by decrease in pH, several have reported variable results and slight or delayed fermentation (Edwards, 1932; Rudert, 1940; Simmons and Keogh, 1940).

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Section: Resuiltscontrasting

confidence: 87%

The Fermentation of Glycerol by Streptococci

Gunsalus

Sherman

1943

J Bacteriol

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“…The results of this work are similar to those recorded by most of the workers on this organism (Minett & Stableforth, 1934;Gunnison et al 1940, andCoffey, 1942). The characteristics given in Bergey's Manual (1948) for group E streptococci are also concordant, but they are presented together with those of S. subacidus.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Isolation of several strains was reported by Newson (1937), Gunnison, Luxen, Marshall & Engle (1940), Plummer (1941), Stafseth & Clinton (1941), Coffey (1942), and, more recently, by Collier (1951), Thal & Moberg (1953) and others. However, no substantial contribution has yet been made either to the type division of this group or to the chemical nature of the antigenic fractions responsible for its serological pattern.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

The Streptococci of Lancefield's Group E; Biochemical and Serological Identification of the Haemolytic Strains

Moreira-Jacob

1956

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARY :The non-pathogenic beta-haemolytic streptococci from milk, forming Lancefield's group E, were physiologically defined as Streptococcus infrequens and S. subacidus. They were found to fall into four serological types. Fractionation with ethanol showed that both group-and type-specific fractions of these organisms are of polysaccharide nature which probably accounts for the success in using formamide extracts for the type-precipitin reactions. S. subacidus possesses two type antigens, only one of which is also found in S . infrequens.

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“…Raw-milk samples have been examined by Gunnison et al (10) 1 Group A strains, potentially dangerous for human beings, were therefore only recovered from less than 1 % of samples.…”

Section: Streptococcal Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section F. Milk-borne diseases

Smith

1941

Journal of Dairy Research

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In this country, the value of milk as a foodstuff for children and nursing mothers has been particularly emphasized. Furthermore, as a result of war conditions, certain sections of the population have been transferred from large towns, where adequate facilities for pasteurization were available, to small towns and country areas where raw milk only can be obtained. The possible dangers to health resulting from such changes have been noted by many medical authorities, and, in particular, by the Royal College of Physicians (l), which passed a resolution recommending that the attention of the Ministry of Health should be drawn to the fact that large numbers of children, who have been brought up on pasteurized milk in the towns, are now receiving raw milk in reception areas to which they have been evacuated, and that the Ministry should be asked to do all in its power to secure the cooperation of the Milk Marketing Board, and of the medical officers of health, to arrange for supplies of pasteurized milk to be made available in all areas where there are sufficient children to demand it. Further, in the opinion of the College, members of the medical profession might usefully advise parents and guardians of children of the risk of infection which attends the use of raw milk, and of the value of pasteurization, or, alternatively, of boiling the milk in removing these risks. It should be stated, however, that up to the present time no large outbreaks of disease have been reported in the medical press. Infections due to tubercle bacilli would, however, remain latent for some time, and several years must elapse before a possible increase in tuberculosis, due to the bovine type, is evident. There can be no doubt that efficient pasteurization is an effective safeguard against milk-borne infections. Medical officers of health are practically unanimous in their attitude towards this aspect of the problem of safe milk. Savage (2) has no bias in favour of pasteurization if a safe milk supply can be produced in other ways, but, on the other hand, he has emphasized the fact that efficient pasteurization is an effective barrier to the transmission of disease by milk. Macgregor(3) has strongly advocated the pasteurization of all milk, including T.T., since the risk of transmitting disease is too great to leave even the best-quality milk unpasteurized. The nutrition subcommittee of a division of the British Association for the Advancement of Science (4) discussed problems connected with the present milk policy, and suggested that compulsory pasteurization might actually so increase public confidence that the amount of milk consumed per head of population would be increased. A resolution was passed advocating that milk supplies to towns with 20,000 inhabitants or more should be subject to compulsory pasteurization, and, in view of the withdrawal of the Milk Industry Bill, it was also suggested that action might be taken against retailers at common law, where it could be proved that the milk supply caused disease. If this proved effectiv...

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Hemolytic Streptococci in Raw Market Milk

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

The Fermentation of Glycerol by Streptococci

The Fermentation of Glycerol by Streptococci

The Streptococci of Lancefield's Group E; Biochemical and Serological Identification of the Haemolytic Strains

Section F. Milk-borne diseases

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