Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Clinical Features and Outcomes: Single Institution Case Series

Navigating the Complexity: A Comprehensive Review of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Associated With Dengue Infection

“…The clinical presentation of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) encompasses fever, hepatosplenomegaly, bicytopenia or pancytopenia, evidence of hemophagocytosis in the bone marrow and lymphoid tissues, liver dysfunction, and involvement of the central nervous system [ 14 ]. Patients afflicted with HLH commonly display a state of hyperinflammation, precipitating severe symptoms and potential complications [ 15 ].…”

“…Patients afflicted with HLH commonly display a state of hyperinflammation, precipitating severe symptoms and potential complications [ 15 ]. Notably, in adults, the clinical manifestations of HLH may diverge from those observed in children, with lower incidences of hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and jaundice but a heightened frequency of serous cavity effusion [ 14 ]. Laboratory assessments often reveal thrombocytopenia, elevated serum ferritin levels, and deviations in liver function tests [ 14 ].…”

“…Notably, in adults, the clinical manifestations of HLH may diverge from those observed in children, with lower incidences of hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and jaundice but a heightened frequency of serous cavity effusion [ 14 ]. Laboratory assessments often reveal thrombocytopenia, elevated serum ferritin levels, and deviations in liver function tests [ 14 ]. Moreover, the time elapsed from the onset of symptoms to clinical diagnosis tends to be prolonged in adults compared to children, rendering the disease more challenging to identify in the adult population [ 14 ].…”

“…Laboratory assessments often reveal thrombocytopenia, elevated serum ferritin levels, and deviations in liver function tests [ 14 ]. Moreover, the time elapsed from the onset of symptoms to clinical diagnosis tends to be prolonged in adults compared to children, rendering the disease more challenging to identify in the adult population [ 14 ]. Consequently, recognizing hallmark clinical features such as fever, cytopenias, and organomegaly is imperative for facilitating timely diagnosis and implementing appropriate management strategies to enhance patient outcomes [ 6 , 14 ].…”