Hemopoietic Mechanisms in Allergic Airway Inflammation

Abstract

The bone marrow actively participates in the production of IgER–positive inflammatory cells (eosinophils, basophils and mast cells), which are typically recruited to tissues in atopic individuals. Understanding the signalling between the tissue and the bone marrow at the molecular level may well open up new avenues of therapy for allergic inflammation.

Specific Immunotherapy and Central Immune System

“…The study in this patient, since it is not likely a continuous recirculation of leukocytes without focalization and influx to this organ, allows us to deduce that we were able to obtain an image of the functional thymic tissue. Our results support the research developed since 1985 by a Canadian group that sustains the involvement of the central immune system's organs, mainly bone marrow, in the pathophysiology of the allergic inflammation (Denburg et al, 1998). The results obtained in experimental models and in humans with allergy are essential, regarding the participation of hematopoietic mechanisms during the response to an allergenic (Denburg et al, 1998;Denburg & van Eeden, 2006, Sehmi et al, 1996Cyr & Denburg, 2001).…”

“…Our results support the research developed since 1985 by a Canadian group that sustains the involvement of the central immune system's organs, mainly bone marrow, in the pathophysiology of the allergic inflammation (Denburg et al, 1998). The results obtained in experimental models and in humans with allergy are essential, regarding the participation of hematopoietic mechanisms during the response to an allergenic (Denburg et al, 1998;Denburg & van Eeden, 2006, Sehmi et al, 1996Cyr & Denburg, 2001). In a comparative study with 153 patients with pollinic rhinoconjunctivitis, the effect of the administration of SIT either subcutaneously or intralymphatic was compared (Senti et al, 2008).…”

The unified immune system: Respiratory tract–nasobronchial interaction mechanisms in allergic airway disease

“…Many years later, IgE was identified as the major immunoglobulin involved in allergic disease. 74,75 Studies in animals 76,77 and patients with allergic rhinitis, asthma, and other atopic diseases 33,78,79 have consequently shown an increase in circulating inflammatory cells and progenitors after allergen inhalation, followed by recruitment to sites of allergic inflammation.…”

“…[81][82][83] The systemic allergic response is further characterized by increased expression of adhesion molecules, such as vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and E-selectin, on nasal and bronchial endothelium, which facilitates the migration of inflammatory cells into the tissue. 72 Increases in CD34 + cells capable of eosinophil differentiation, as well as other circulatory mediators (IL-5, eotaxin, and cysteinyl leukotrienes), are associated with impaired lung function parameters and enhanced mucosal inflammation in asthmatic patients, 34,78,84 as well as in nonasthmatic patients with rhinitis. 85 Efforts to translate this concept into clinical practice have been disappointing until now because depletion of eosinophils by means of anti-IL-5 therapy did not have a significant effect on lung function in patients with mild asthma.…”

Pathogenesis of Murine Experimental Allergic Rhinitis: A Study of Local and Systemic Consequences of IL-5 Deficiency

“…A lthough the role of IL-5 in the differentiation, proliferation, and migration of eosinophils in allergic inflammation has been well documented (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9), it remains unclear how critical IL-5 is to the development of clinical disease. Indeed, recent studies using anti-IL-5 mAbs in vivo in human asthmatic subjects have failed to confirm that IL-5 is both necessary and sufficient to cause lower airway hyperresponsiveness, even though it appears responsible for the development of blood and tissue eosinophilia (10 -12).…”