Hemostatic and antibacterial PVA/Kaolin composite sponges loaded with penicillin–streptomycin for wound dressing applications

Abstract

Hemorrhage is the major hindrance over the wound healing, which triggers microbial infections and might provoke traumatic death. Herein, new hemostatic and antibacterial PVA/Kaolin composite sponges were crosslinked using a freeze-thawing approach and boosted by penicillin–streptomycin (Pen-Strep). Physicochemical characteristics of developed membranes were analyzed adopting Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), a thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Furthermore, the impacts of kaolin concentrations on porosity, swelling behavior, gel fraction, and degradation of the membranes were investigated. SEM analyses revealed a spongy-like structure of hydrogels associated with high dispersion of kaolin inside PVA matrix. The thermal characteristics of PVA/Kaolin were significantly ameliorated compared to the prime PVA. Moreover, the results exhibited significant variations of swelling performance, surface roughness and pore capacity due to the alterations of kaolin contents. Besides, the adhesive strength ability was manifestly enhanced for PVA-K0.1 sponge. Biomedical evaluations including antibacterial activity, blood clotting index and thrombogenicity of the membranes were studied. The contact of PVA/Kaolin to blood revealed notable augmentation in blood clotting. Furthermore, the incorporation of kaolin into PVA presented mild diminution in antibacterial activities. Moreover, PVA/Kaolin composites illustrated no cellular toxicity towards fibroblast cells. These remarkable features substantiate that the PVA-K0.1 sponge could be applied as a multifunctional wound dressing.

Fabrication and Characterization of Poly (vinyl alcohol) and Chitosan Oligosaccharide-Based Blend Films

“…Blood compatibility is one of the major attributes demanded in polymeric matrices for biomedical applications [85]. It can be observed that the % hemolysis values of the tested films varied in the range of 0.034-0.256% (Table 2), which was much lower than 5%.…”

“…The test was conducted in triplicates for each sample. The hemolysis percentage was calculated using Equation ( 8) [85]. % Hemolysis = OD test − OD negative OD positive − OD negative × 100 (8) where OD test is the absorbance of the tested film sample, OD negative refers to the absorbance of the negative control, and OD positive is the absorbance of the positive control.…”

Biomimetic Glycopolypeptide Hydrogels with Tunable Adhesion and Microporous Structure for Fast Hemostasis and Highly Efficient Wound Healing

“…The hemolytic performance of the hydrogels was evaluated according to the ref. [10]. 100 µL hydrogels was soaked in 500 µL rabbit blood containing sodium citrate anticoagulant (3.2%, blood/anticoagulant = 9/1) and placed in a shaker at 37 °C for 3 h. Subsequently, the blood was centrifuged for 10 min (4000 rpm), then 200 µL supernatant was taken out and added to 5 mL deionized water.…”

“…[ 7 ] Meanwhile, the PEG‐based adhesives (e.g., Coseal and DuraSeal) with high solid contents (>10 wt%) are mechanically brittle and weakly adhesive, and especially need careful handling for Coseal because of thiols oxidation in air. [ 8 ] Therefore, increasing attention has been focused on developing high‐performance and easy‐to‐use hemostatic adhesives and dressings, such as, sponges, [ 9,10 ] nanosheets, [ 11 ] fibers, [ 12 ] aerogels, [ 13 ] and hydrogels [ 14–17 ] as well.…”

Multifunctional and Self-Healable Intelligent Hydrogels for Cancer Drug Delivery and Promoting Tissue Regeneration In Vivo

“…Kaolin could improve the swelling capacities of hydrogel as well as pores sizes of the fabricated hydrogels, which lead to the absorption of wound exudates. Antibacterial property of this hydrogel could be boost by loading penicillin streptomycin (Pen-Strep) for prevention of skin infections [ 123 ]. Although numerous hydrogels with inherent antibacterial capability or loading anti-bacterial drugs have been used, being drug-resistant limits it from being widely used and is considered a critical issue.…”