Hemp Pest Spectrum and Potential Relationship between Helicoverpa zea Infestation and Hemp Production in the United States in the Face of Climate Change

Ajayi, Olufemi S.; Samuel-Foo, Michelle

doi:10.3390/insects12100940

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Perhaps the most important arthropod pests of indoor medical Cannabis cultivation include: cannabis aphid ( Phorodon cannabis Passerini), rice root aphid ( Rhopalosiphum abdominalis Sasaki), cotton/melon aphid ( Aphis gossypii Glover), sweetpotato whitefly ( Bemisia tabaci Gennadius), onion thrips ( Thrips tabaci Lindeman), western flower thrips ( Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande), two‐spotted spider mite ( Tetranychus urticae Koch) and hemp russet mite ( Aculops cannibicola Farkas) 18,23 . Other arthropod pests of increasing consideration for outdoor medical Cannabis production include: Japanese beetle ( Popillia japonica Newman), grasshoppers, brown marmorated stink bug ( Halyomorpha halys Stål), Eurasian hemp moth ( Grapholita delineana Walker) and corn earworm ( Helicoverpa zea Boddie) 17,18,24 …”

Section: Protecting An Expanding Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards dsRNA‐integrated protection of medical Cannabis crops: considering human safety, recent‐ and developing RNAi methods, and research inroads

Willow

Silva

Taning

et al. 2022

Pest Management Science

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Owing to the expanding industry of medical Cannabis, we discuss recent milestones in RNA interference (RNAi)-based crop protection research and development that are transferable to medical Cannabis cultivation. Recent and prospective increases in pest pressure in both indoor and outdoor Cannabis production systems, and the need for effective nonchemical pest control technologies (particularly crucial in the context of cultivating plants for medical purposes), are discussed. We support the idea that developing RNAi tactics towards protection of medical Cannabis could play a major role in maximizing success in this continuously expanding industry. However, there remain critical knowledge gaps, especially with regard to RNA pesticide biosafety from a human toxicological viewpoint, as a result of the medical context of Cannabis product use. Furthermore, efforts are needed to optimize transformation and micropropagation of Cannabis plants, examine cutting edge RNAi techniques for various Cannabis-pest scenarios, and investigate the combined application of RNAi-and biological control tactics in medical Cannabis cultivation.

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Section: Protecting An Expanding Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards dsRNA‐integrated protection of medical Cannabis crops: considering human safety, recent‐ and developing RNAi methods, and research inroads

Willow

Silva

Taning

et al. 2022

Pest Management Science

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“…Climate change due to the global increase in air temperature and uneven precipitation in particular soil and climatic conditions of the region largely determine the distribution features and changes in the population density of serious insect pests (Skendžić et al, 2021), including in agrocenoses of hemp seeds (Ajayi & Samuel-Foo, 2021). Taking this into account, in different geographical areas of hemp cultivation, there are differences in the species composition of entomofauna and the structure of dominance of phytophagous insects in the hemp field.…”

Section: I T E Rat U R E R E V I E Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thousands of years of specialisation and intensification of crop production against the background of the influence of global climate change in particular environmental conditions contributed not only to the development of a certain species composition of insects, changes of the dominant phytophages, but also to the expansion of new areas of their existence. Every year, the entomocomplex of hemp is supplemented by introduced species that are more adapted to new trophic conditions, which previously did not have considerable economic importance (Küçüktopçu et al, 2020;Ajayi & Samuel-Foo, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of the Entomocomplex of the Grass Stand of a Hemp Field in The North-Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Pivtoraiko¹,

Kabanets²,

Vlasenko³

2022

Scientific Horizons

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The agrobiocenosis of the grass stand of hemp field is a specific plant biotope, which is a place of shelter, feeding, resettlement, and breeding for many insect populations, which in one way or another affecting the growth, development and yield of hemp plsnts. Taking this into consideration awareness of the species composition of phytophagous insects as well as the complex of their natural enemies and neutral species became especially relevant awareness due to the necessary to develop an effective system of protection of hemp in the context of current conditions. The aim of the research is to improve the ecologically oriented system of hemp protection by means of studying the taxonomic composition of entomofauna in the grass stand, as well as the trophic and ecological structure of insect groups associated with that habitat. The studies was conducted in 2019-2021 on the basis of the Northeast Agricultural Institute of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences out during the vegetation of plants by means of mowing with a standard entomological net every ten days, from 10.00 till 15.00 o’clock when the insects were the most active. The current taxonomic composition of entomocomplex of the grass stand in hemp field is represented by 174 species of insects that belong to 76 families and 9 orders. The Coleoptera turned out to be the largest in terms of the species diversity and the number of individuals (56 species from 16 families and 74.6% of the number of captured insects). Were also detected insects from the orders Hymenoptera (31 species from 15 families), Hemiptera (30 species from 11 families), Diptera (20 species from 12 families), Homoptera (17 species from 8 families), Lepidoptera (12 species from 8 families), Orthoptera (4 species from 3 families), Neuroptera (3 species from 2 families), Thysanoptera (one species) were also detected. In the trophic structure of the entomofauna in grass stand of hemp field, 85.9% of the number and 59.8% of the species diversity account for phytophagous insects. Pests of hemp were 39 species of insects from 22 families, and 6 orders. Among them, 36 species, which accounted for 18.7% of the total number of specimens, were polyphagous and three, or 81.3%, were specialized species. The presence of insect pests in the grass stand of hemp field was characterized by oligodominance, as evidenced by quantitative and qualitative data, and indices of species diversity. Thus, the dominance structure is represented by one eudominant (Psylliodes attenuata – 81.1%), one subdominant (Mordellistena parvula – 4.72%), four recedents (Lygus pratensis, L. rugulipennis, Lygocoris pabulinus, Stictocephala bisonia – 8.6%) and, 33 subrecedents (5.58%). The obtained research results will be used in order to solve the problems related to the danger of basic phytophagous insects during the vegetation period of cannabis sativa plants and to develop a modern environmentally-oriented strategy to control their numbers and harmfulness

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“…have been singled out as the most recurrent and severe problems in hemp field crops across the United States [ 10 ]. In particular, the corn earworm (CEW) Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a prevalent pest on hemp that can reach outbreak densities [ 11 ]. This species is a rising concern among hemp growers who have reported infestations in Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Nevada, North Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, and Wisconsin [ 2 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The release of natural enemies is a common practice for indoor hemp production, but research on the classical biological control of CEW in hemp is still limited. Although at least 17 families of arthropods have been listed in the United States as natural enemies of hemp pests [ 11 ], the impact of most of them on hemp cultivation remains unclear. Subsequently, the role of natural enemies in controlling pests like CEW in these systems is largely unexplored [ 14 ], and no studies have thus far examined the bionomics of tachinid fly parasitoids (i.e., “bristle flies”) in these systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitism of Corn Earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), by Tachinid Flies in Cultivated Hemp

Falcón-Brindis

Stireman

Viloria

et al. 2022

Insects

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In a survey on hemp grown in western Kentucky we found an average of 27.8 CEW larvae per plant. We recorded 45% parasitism of CEW in these fields by two species of tachinid flies, Winthemia rufopicta and Lespesia aletiae. Most parasitized larvae were third to sixth instars at the time of collection. We found up to 22 tachinid eggs per host larva, 89% of which typically bore between 1 and 5 eggs on the thorax. 45.9% of CEW bearing eggs died. The number of tachinid eggs per host was unrelated to host body mass, but both the number of tachinid eggs and caterpillar body mass influenced CEW survival. Larger CEW often survived parasitism and the number of fly eggs was negatively related to survival rate. The emergence of adult flies was positively correlated with the number of eggs, but no influence of the host size was found. High mortality of CEW larvae and the parasitoids developing within them in this system suggests that secondary chemicals (or poor nutrition) of the hemp diet may be negatively affecting host and parasitoid development and influencing their interactions.

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Hemp Pest Spectrum and Potential Relationship between Helicoverpa zea Infestation and Hemp Production in the United States in the Face of Climate Change

Cited by 17 publications

References 81 publications

Towards dsRNA‐integrated protection of medical Cannabis crops: considering human safety, recent‐ and developing RNAi methods, and research inroads

Towards dsRNA‐integrated protection of medical Cannabis crops: considering human safety, recent‐ and developing RNAi methods, and research inroads

Diversity of the Entomocomplex of the Grass Stand of a Hemp Field in The North-Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Parasitism of Corn Earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), by Tachinid Flies in Cultivated Hemp

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