Hepatic lead and copper concentrations in dogs with chronic hepatitis and their relationship with hematology, serum biochemistry, and histopathology

Gori, Eleonora; Pierini, Alessio; Meucci, Valentina; Abramo, Francesca; Muscatello, Luisa Vera; Marchetti, Veronica

doi:10.1111/jvim.16149

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“… 26 , 27 An overall increase in hepatic copper content has been reported in several studies over the last several years in both breeds that are and those that are not predisposed to copper‐associated hepatitis. 16 , 17 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 These increases in hepatic copper concentration may reflect the higher concentrations of copper in dog foods that have accompanied an increase in the bioavailability of copper additives and the popularity of boutique diets with high copper concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of clinical presentation, histological features, ultrasonographic findings, and survival in 29 dogs with granulomatous hepatitis

Prentice,

Callahan‐Clark,

Parry

et al. 2023

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundGranulomatous hepatitis (GH) is a form of chronic hepatitis (CH) in dogs for which limited information is published.HypothesisDescribe the clinical presentation, clinical pathology, ultrasound, and hepatic histopathology findings and to report survival times in dogs with GH.AnimalsTwenty‐nine client‐owned dogs with GH.MethodsRetrospective observational study. Pathology records were searched. Inclusion criteria included a histopathologic diagnosis of GH, absence of an identified etiology or evidence of extrahepatic granulomatous disease, and a medical record available for review. Clinical presentation, clinical pathologic findings, treatment protocols, and survival times were recorded. Available hepatic biopsy material was graded and scored, and ultrasound evaluations reviewed.ResultsThe median age was 7 years (range, 0.66‐12 years). Nineteen breeds were represented. Decreased appetite (19/29), lethargy (16/29), and fever (13/29) were seen most commonly. All dogs had increased serum transaminase activities, whereas 21/29 and 12/24 had hyperbilirubinemia and neutrophilia, respectively. Ultrasonographic findings included hepatomegaly (12/22), nodular parenchymal lesions (9/22), and hyperechoic parenchymal bands (8/22). Histopathologic necroinflammatory scores were moderate to severe in 16/19 dogs, and fibrosis scores were mild in 14/19 dogs. Treatments varied and included antibiotics, immunosuppressive drugs, and hepatoprotectants. Overall median survival was 635 days (range, 1‐2482 days).Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceGranulomatous hepatitis in dogs is associated with high histopathologic grade, fever, neutrophilia, and a high incidence of hepatomegaly and focal parenchymal lesions on ultrasound examination. Despite disease severity on presentation, dogs with GH can have a good outcome with prolonged survival.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of clinical presentation, histological features, ultrasonographic findings, and survival in 29 dogs with granulomatous hepatitis

Prentice,

Callahan‐Clark,

Parry

et al. 2023

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Згідно з літературними даними, хронічний гепатит в собак можна діагностувати на основі аналізу крові до розвитку видимих клінічних ознак. А втім, прояв клінічних симптомів за хронічного гепатиту зазвичай проходить на пізній стадії розвитку патології і часто призводить до збільшення тривалості лікування (Johnston et al, 2013;Cedeño et al, 2016;Webster et al, 2019;Gori et al, 2021).…”

Section: вступunclassified

“…Хронічний гепатит у собак може бути інфекційного та неінфекційного генезу (Kanivets et al, 2019;Gori et al, 2021). Часто за хронічного гепатиту хворі тварини мають ознаки розладів травлення (блювання, пронос, який змінюється закрепом, гіпо-або анорексія) і звичайно -пригнічення загального стану (Dirksen & Fieten, 2017;Watson, 2017).…”

Section: обговоренняunclassified

“…Варто зазначити, що за дослідження біохімічних показників сироватки крові хворої на гепатит собаки ми враховували визначення окремих показників, які є найбільш показовими. Так, науковці ветеринарної медицини довели існування маркерів біохімічних показників за внутрішніх хвороб тварин, в тому числі й гепатиту (Cedeño et al, 2016;Gori et al, 2021). Зокрема, Локес П. І.…”

Section: обговоренняunclassified

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Clinical case of chronic hepatitis in a domestic dog

et al. 2022

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The article presents a clinical case of chronic hepatitis of alimentary origin in a domestic dog of the Labrador Retriever breed, aged 1.5 years. General depression, hyporexia, intermittent morning vomiting, and diarrhea have been reported clinically. According to the anamnesis data, violations of the animal's lifelong feeding regime were established, as well as non-compliance with the rules of preventive deworming and dosing of drugs. The study in a sick dog showed a slight increase in body temperature (39.5 °C); heart rate and respiration were within normal limits. Palpation did not detect liver tenderness, but the animal's anxiety was recorded when palpating the abdomen. The obtained results were confirmed by ultrasonography. Thus, well-defined contours (edges) of the liver were visualized. The obtained results were confirmed by ultrasonographic examination. Thus, it visualized the enlargement of the liver and rounding of the edges of the body. The echostructure of the body is uneven. The gallbladder was round, with a thickening of the walls, and contained biliary sludge. Increased visualization of hepatic vessels was characteristic. Functional changes in liver function have been established. In a sick dog's serum, the total protein content was 78.3 g/l. A study of total bilirubin revealed a significant increase (9.5 μmol/l). Transaminase activity increased almost 1.7 times and corresponded to 97.0 IU/l (ALT) and 76.3 IU/l (AST). GHTP and alkaline phosphatase activity also underwent upward changes (8,7 and 8,3 IU/l, respectively). The urine had a rich orange color; at the same time, it was cloudy, the consistency was watery and foamy, and the smell was nonspecific/unpleasant. Determination of chemical properties of urine showed: the presence of proteins, urobilinogen; bilirubin; while glucose and ketones - were negative. Single leukocytes were detected by sediment microscopy. Thus, considering the data obtained from a comprehensive study of a sick animal, it can be noted that the final diagnosis in Labrador Retriever dogs is chronic hepatitis. To correct the pathological condition, a scheme of pharmacotherapy was drawn up, which consisted of drugs to restore liver cells' functioning, reduce body intoxication, and improve metabolism. At the same time, a diet (Royal Canin Hepatic Dog) was introduced, with mandatory adherence to the feeding regime.

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“…Fibrosis was staged as 0 = absent, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = marked, or 4 = very marked. 7,13 Dogs were divided into necroinflammatory activity groups: A0-1 (absent to slight) and A>1 (mild to very marked), 5,13 and into fibrosis groups F<2 (absent to mild) and F≥2 (moderate to very marked). 13…”

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confidence: 99%

Serum protein electrophoresis in 26 dogs with chronic hepatitis

et al. 2022

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Serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) shows the distribution of protein fractions, helping clinicians to characterize some pathologic processes. Information is lacking in the literature about SPE alterations in dogs with chronic hepatitis (CH). Our aim was to describe SPE alterations in canine CH, to compare SPE results to histologic scores, and to study SPE trends during follow-up. We reviewed retrospectively case data from dogs with a histologic diagnosis of CH. Only cases with SPE, CBC, and serum chemistry results available were included. Dogs were divided into subgroups based on histologic necroinflammatory activity (A) and fibrosis (F) scores (groups A0-1 and A>1; groups F<2 and F≥2). We included 26 dogs; 15 had follow-up SPE. The most common SPE alterations at admission were hypoalbuminemia ( n = 16), increases in α1-globulins ( n = 11), γ-globulins ( n = 11), α2-globulins ( n = 8), β2-globulins ( n = 7), and β1-globulins ( n = 6), and decreased albumin:globulin (A:G) ratios ( n = 20). Four of 11 dogs had β-γ bridging. Groups with higher A and F scores had higher β2-globulins. Eleven of 15 dogs with a post-treatment SPE had a decrease in γ-globulins and increase in A:G ratio compared to their T0, although there was no statistically significant difference. Although further studies are warranted, SPE may be useful for monitoring canine CH.

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Hepatic lead and copper concentrations in dogs with chronic hepatitis and their relationship with hematology, serum biochemistry, and histopathology

Cited by 7 publications

References 46 publications

Characterization of clinical presentation, histological features, ultrasonographic findings, and survival in 29 dogs with granulomatous hepatitis

Characterization of clinical presentation, histological features, ultrasonographic findings, and survival in 29 dogs with granulomatous hepatitis

Clinical case of chronic hepatitis in a domestic dog

Serum protein electrophoresis in 26 dogs with chronic hepatitis

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